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Top-Down Synthesis of Luminescent Microplastics and Nanoplastics by Incorporation of Upconverting Nanoparticles for Environmental Assessment
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Researchers incorporated lanthanide-based upconverting nanoparticles into bulk polyethylene to create luminescent microplastic and nanoplastic model particles that can be tracked under infrared light in biological and environmental samples. This provides an environmentally relevant tool for studying the movement and uptake of plastic particles through organisms.
The occurrence of micro- and nanoplastics is a major environmental problem. Especially for nanoplastics due to their easy bioavailability and unknown impact on living organisms. The monitoring of these extremely small particles during their ingestion, tissue translocation and transfer through the trophic chain remains very challenging. This study aims to develop an environmentally relevant model of luminescent micro- and nanoplastics. First, lanthanide-based upconverting nanophosphors (20 nm) were incorporated in bulk polyethylene without modification of the polymer structure or morphology. Second, micrometric and nanometric particles were obtained after powdering. Two fractions were obtained with cascade filtration with average sizes of 5 µm and 150 nm and characterized in terms of size distribution, morphology and surface charge. The particles are very polydisperse with an irregular shape and a global negative charge; they exhibit morphological characteristics similar to those formed in the environment. Their luminescent properties upon NIR excitation at 980 nm open the possibility to track them in the tissues of organisms. The powdering method is very simple and compatible with many polymers pure or formulated. As a perspective, the use of weathered materials is possible with the proposed method and will allow the preparation of particles sharing additional properties with environmental micro- and nanoplastics.
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Top-down synthesis of luminescent microplastics and nanoplastics by incorporation of upconverting nanoparticles for environmental assessment
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Researchers synthesized luminescent polyethylene microplastic and nanoplastic model particles using a top-down approach by incorporating upconverting nanoparticles, producing irregularly shaped particles similar to environmental samples that are trackable under 980 nm near-infrared irradiation for environmental assessment applications.
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