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Enhanced Mechanism of Nano Zero-Valent Iron Activated Persulfate for Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Environment
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This review covers how nano zero-valent iron activates persulfate to generate sulfate radicals capable of degrading persistent organic pollutants in contaminated environments. The approach is an advanced oxidation process with potential applications in remediating soils and water affected by industrial chemicals.
The advanced oxidation process based on persulfate has a broad application prospect in the remediation of organic pollutants. As an effective, low-cost and environmentally friendly material, nano-zero-valent iron (nZVI) can effectively activate persulfate (nZVI/PS) to generate strongly oxidizing sulfate radical for removing organic pollutants in the environment. In this review, we first clarify the activation pathway of nZVI activated persulfate including direct activation and indirect activation. Direct activation means that the electrons released by nZVI directly participate in the activation of PS; indirect activation means that Fe0 corrodes to generate Fe2+, and Fe2+ further activate the persulfate. Then, the mechanism of nZVI/PS system to degrade organic pollutants including electron transfer, hydrogen extraction and addition reactions are also discussed. Finally, combined with the activation pathway and the mechanism of degrading organic pollutants, we propose several prospects for the future research direction of nZVI activated persulfate. As a result, this review provides a theoretical basis for the nZVI/PS advanced oxidation system to remediate actual sites contaminated with organic pollutants.
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This review summarizes research on using biochar loaded with nano zero-valent iron to activate persulfate for degrading organic pollutants in water. Researchers found that combining biochar's adsorption capacity with the catalytic activity of nano zero-valent iron produces a synergistic effect that enhances pollutant removal. The study highlights this approach as a promising technology for water treatment and environmental remediation.
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A nano zero-valent iron composite modified with activated carbon and copper was developed to activate persulfate for degrading the antibiotic norfloxacin from water, achieving high removal efficiency under optimized conditions.
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A biochar-loaded nano zero-valent iron material derived from iron scrap effectively degraded p-arsanilic acid via persulfate activation, and the study also examined how co-existing microplastics modified the removal efficiency of this organoarsenic pollutant.
Optimization of PNP Degradation by UV-Activated Granular Activated Carbon Supported Nano-Zero-Valent-Iron-Cobalt Activated Persulfate by Response Surface Method
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Researchers optimized a UV-activated persulfate system using iron-cobalt nanoparticles supported on granular activated carbon for degrading p-nitrophenol, a toxic industrial wastewater pollutant, achieving high removal efficiency through response surface methodology to identify optimal operating conditions.
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This review surveys recent advances in sustainable soil remediation strategies, including approaches targeting plastic and microplastic contamination in agricultural and industrial soils. The authors evaluate biological, chemical, and physical methods for effectiveness, scalability, and environmental safety. The paper outlines key research gaps and offers a roadmap for developing remediation technologies that minimize secondary environmental harm.
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