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Polystyrene microplastics induce mitochondrial damage in mouse GC-2 cells
Summary
Researchers exposed mouse reproductive cells to polystyrene microplastics and found that the particles caused significant mitochondrial damage, reducing energy production and disrupting normal cellular function. The study observed decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, lower ATP levels, and increased oxidative stress in the exposed cells. These findings help explain how microplastic exposure may impair sperm development by damaging the energy-producing structures within reproductive cells.
Microplastics are widely distributed, such as oceans, rivers and the atmosphere, with many opportunities for human exposure and potential health risks. Polystyrene microplastic (PS-MPS) exposure has been found to cause sperm damage to mice; however, the mechanism by which this happens remains unclear. Here, GC-2 cells, a mouse spermatocyte line, were exposed to 5 µm PS-MPS to investigate mitochondrial damage. The results showed that 5 µm PS-MPS decreased ATP content, reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential, damaged the integrity of the mitochondrial genome, and caused an imbalance of homoeostasis between mitochondrial division and fusion. The mitochondrial PINK1/Parkin autophagy pathway was activated. Time-series analysis revealed that PS-MPS damaged the mitochondrial structure through cellular oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function was maintained to some extent after PS-MPS damage. This study revealed the mitochondrial toxicity of polystyrene microplastics, thus providing a basis for understanding the causes of sperm damage by polystyrene microplastics.