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Accelerated Degradation of Microplastics at the Liquid Interface of Ice Crystals in Frozen Aqueous Solutions
Summary
Researchers discovered that polystyrene microplastics degrade exceptionally rapidly at the liquid interface of ice crystals in frozen aqueous solutions at -20 degrees Celsius, with degradation rates competitive with most artificial treatment technologies. The study found that freeze-induced concentration effects at ice crystal interfaces accelerate chemical breakdown, suggesting frozen environments as an underexplored natural degradation pathway for microplastics.
Abstract Microplastics (MPs) are one of the emerging contaminants in environmental media, and they have raised great concern because they are resistant to degradation and persist in ecosystems. Although numerous advanced technologies have been developed, suitable technologies are still lacking for degradation of widespread MPs in the natural environment. We have discovered that MPs can be degraded exceptionally rapidly in frozen environments. Taking polystyrene (PS) as an example, its degradation rate in ice (−20 °C) is surprisingly competitive to most artificial technologies. PS particles are trapped and squeezed to achieve excited state ( 3 PS*) in the narrow space of the liquid layer between ice crystals, which further react with the highly concentrated dioxygen to selectively produce singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ). The 1 O 2 boosts PS oxidation in the liquid layer thus further causing accelerated degradation at freezing temperature. This finding offers a highly efficient pathway for degradation of MPs and it sheds light on an unusual MPs disposal mechanisms in nature.