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The effects of nanoplastics on adipose stromal cells from swine tissues
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Researchers assessed the effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on adipose stromal cells from pig tissue, finding reduced cell viability after prolonged exposure, increased inflammatory marker TNF-alpha, and elevated oxidative stress markers. These results suggest nanoplastics can disrupt cellular redox homeostasis in adipose tissue at environmentally relevant conditions.
Plastic is one of the main sources of marine and terrestrial pollution. This material can fragment into micro- (<-5 mm) and nanoplastics (NPs) (<100 nm) following degradation. Animals are exposed to these particles by ingesting contaminated food, respiration or filtration, and transdermally. In organisms, NPs can cross biological membranes, and cause oxidative stress, cell damage, apoptosis, and endocrine interference. We previously demonstrated that polystyrene - NPs interfered with ovarian cell functions. Since reproduction involves a high energy expenditure and a crucial role is played by adipose tissue, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of NPs on primary adipose stromal cells (ASCs) isolated from swine adipose tissues. In particular, the effects on cell viability, proliferation, metabolic activity, inflammatory process mediators and oxidative stress markers were assessed. The obtained results did not reveal a significant variation in cell proliferation, metabolic activity was increased (P < 0.01) but only at the lowest concentration, while viability showed a significant decrease after prolonged exposure to NPs (P < 0.01). TNF-α was increased (P < 0.05), while PAI-1 was inhibited (P < 0.001). Redox status was significantly modified; in particular, the production of O HO and NO was stimulated (P < 0.05), the non-enzymatic antioxidant power was reduced (P < 0.05) while catalase activity was significantly (P < 0.01) increased.
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Polystyrene nanoplastics at the highest tested concentration (75 µg/mL) stimulated cell proliferation and steroid hormone secretion in swine granulosa cells while also increasing oxidative stress, suggesting potential endocrine disruption in female reproductive cells.
In vitro effects of polystyrene microplastics exposure on adipose tissue dysfunction
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Researchers exposed adipose tissue cells to polystyrene microplastics and found that the effects depended on the developmental stage of the cells. While fully mature fat cells showed minimal changes, microplastics exposure during the differentiation process significantly promoted fat cell enlargement, triggered oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammatory responses. The findings suggest that microplastics may be more disruptive to fat tissue during its formation than after it has matured.
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Researchers found that polystyrene nanoplastics trigger ferroptosis — a form of iron-dependent cell death driven by fat oxidation — in pig egg cells, disrupting their maturation and reproductive viability. This finding raises concerns about nanoplastic exposure potentially impairing fertility by damaging the eggs needed for reproduction.
Polystyrene nanoplastics dysregulate lipid metabolism in murine macrophages in vitro
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Researchers investigated the effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on immune cell metabolism and found that macrophages exposed to nanoplastics transformed into lipid-laden foam cells. The study suggests that nanoplastic exposure dysregulates lipid metabolism in immune cells, with implications for understanding how these particles may interact with the immune system at the cellular level.
Stress Response of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts Exposed to Polystyrene Nanoplastics
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Mouse embryonic fibroblasts exposed to polystyrene nanoplastics internalized particles via endocytosis without losing viability, but showed activation of antioxidant and autophagic stress pathways, suggesting subcellular dysfunction even in the absence of cell death.
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