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Neurotoxic effects of different sizes of plastics (Nano, Micro, and Macro) on juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
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Researchers found that polyethylene plastic particles of nano, micro, and macro sizes all reduced acetylcholinesterase, monoamine oxidase, and nitric oxide levels by 30-40% in the brains of juvenile common carp after 15-day exposures, with nanoplastics causing the greatest damage including brain tissue necrosis, edema, and retinal degeneration.
Abstract Using common carp as a model, we assessed the effects of polyethylene (PE) plastics on brain. We measured activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), monoamine oxidase (MAO), and the content of nitric oxide (NO) in carp brain following exposure to 100 mg/L of either macroplastics (MaP), microplastics (MPs) or nanoplastic (NPs) for 15 days compared to an unexposed group. Following exposure, each biochemical biomarker was reduced 30–40%, with a higher magnitude of change corresponding to the smaller size of the particles (NPs > MPs > MaPs). In the carp tectum, exposure for 15 days to plastic particles caused varying degrees of necrosis, fibrosis, changes in blood capillaries, tissue detachment, edema, degenerated connective tissues, and necrosis in large cerebellar neurons and ganglion cells. In the carp retina, there was evidence for necrosis, degeneration, vacuolation, and curvature in the inner layer. Here we provide evidence that exposure to plastic particles can be associated with neurotoxicity in common carp.
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Neurotoxic effects of different sizes of plastics (Nano, Micro, and Macro) on juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
AI summary Read the abstract
Researchers found that polyethylene plastics across three size classes (nano, micro, and macro) impair neurological function in juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio), with all size classes reducing acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase activity and altering nitric oxide levels in brain tissue, indicating size-dependent neurotoxic effects.
Neurotoxic effects of different sizes of plastics (nano, micro, and macro) on juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
AI summary Read the abstract
Researchers assessed the neurotoxic effects of polyethylene plastics at nano, micro, and macro sizes on juvenile common carp brains. The study found that all plastic sizes reduced brain enzyme activity by 30-40%, with smaller particles causing more pronounced effects, and histological examination revealed structural changes in brain tissue, suggesting that size plays a significant role in plastic neurotoxicity.
Investigation of the impact caused by different sizes of polyethylene plastics (nano, micro, and macro) in common carp juveniles, Cyprinus carpio L., using multi-biomarkers.
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Common carp juveniles exposed to polyethylene plastics of three different sizes (nano, micro, and macro) all showed tissue damage, oxidative stress, and immune disruption, with nanoparticles causing the most severe effects. The size-dependent toxicity pattern suggests that as larger environmental plastics break down into smaller particles, their potential to harm fish — and ultimately people who eat them — may increase.
Toxic effects of microplastic (polyethylene) exposure: Stress, immune responses and neurotoxicity in crucian carp, Carassius carassius
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Researchers exposed crucian carp to polyethylene microplastics at various concentrations for two weeks and measured stress, immune, and neurotoxic responses. The study found that higher microplastic concentrations caused significant increases in stress hormones and HSP70, while suppressing immune function and inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity, indicating concentration-dependent neurotoxicity and immune suppression.
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Researchers exposed juvenile grass carp to environmentally relevant concentrations of polystyrene nanoplastics and found impaired anti-predator behavior, altered shoal dynamics, and increased acetylcholinesterase activity alongside oxidative stress, with nanoplastics detected in brain tissue, suggesting neurological effects even at trace exposure levels.
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