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Environmental microplastics (EMPs) exposure alter the differentiation potential of mesenchymal stromal cells
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Researchers evaluated the effects of different-sized microplastics found in water bottles on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. The study found that microplastic exposure altered the differentiation potential of these cells, suggesting that environmental microplastics could potentially affect tissue renewal and homeostasis.
Humans are exposed to environmental microplastic (MPs) that can be frequent in surrounding environment. The mesenchymal stromal cells are a heterogeneous population, which contain fibroblasts and stromal cells, progenitor cells and stem cells. They are part of the stromal component of most tissue and organs in our organisms. Any injury to their functions may impair tissue renewal and homeostasis. We evaluated the effects of different size MPs that could be present in water bottles on human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMMSCs) and adipose mesenchymal stromal cells (AMSCs). MPs of polyethylene terephthalate (MPs-PET) (<1 μm and <2.6 μm) were tested in this study. PET treatments induced a reduction in proliferating cells (around 30%) associated either with the onset of senescence or increase in apoptosis. The AMSCs and BMMSCs exposed to PET showed an alteration of differentiation potential. AMSCs remained in an early stage of adipocyte differentiation as shown by high levels of mRNA for Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARG) (7.51 vs 1.00) and reduction in Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) mRNA levels (0.5 vs 1.0). A loss of differentiation capacity was also observed for the osteocyte phenotype in BMMSCs. In particular, we observed a reduction in Bone Gamma-Carboxy glutamate Protein (BGLAP) (0.4 for PET1 and 0.6 for PET2.6 vs 0.1 CTRL) and reduction in Osteopontin (SPP1) (0.3 for PET 1 and 0.64 for PET 2.6 vs 0.1 CTRL). This pioneering mesenchymal cell response study demonstrated that environmental microplastic could be bioavailable for cell uptake and may further lead to irreversible diseases.
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Mesenchymal Stromal Cells showed an alteration of differentiation potential under Environmental Micro and Nanoplastics Exposure
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Researchers evaluated the effects of micro and nanoplastics from water bottles on human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells, finding that exposure altered their differentiation potential in ways that could impair tissue renewal and homeostasis. The study used multiple plastic particle sizes to assess how environmental MPs affect these stem-like progenitor cells.
Human osteoblast-like cells exhibit anabolic attenuation and catabolic phenotypic signals after exposure to polystyrene microplastics
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Researchers exposed human bone-building cells (osteoblast-like cells) to polystyrene microplastics in a lab setting. The cells showed reduced signals linked to building new bone and increased signals linked to bone breakdown, suggesting microplastics may affect cell activity related to bone health.
Nanoplastic impact on bone microenvironment: A snapshot from murine bone cells.
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Researchers investigated how nanoplastics affect the bone microenvironment using murine bone cell models, examining effects on osteoblast and osteoclast activity that regulate bone formation and resorption. Nanoplastic exposure disrupted bone cell function, raising concerns about skeletal health impacts from daily plastic particle exposure.
Discovery and analysis of microplastics in human bone marrow
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For the first time, researchers detected microplastics in human bone marrow, finding plastic particles in all 16 samples tested. The most common types were polyethylene and polystyrene, with about 90% of particles smaller than 100 micrometers. This discovery shows that microplastics can penetrate deep into the body and reach the tissue where blood cells are made, raising questions about potential effects on blood cell production and immune function.
Nanoplastic impact on bone microenvironment: A snapshot from murine bone cells.
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This study examined how nanoplastics affect bone cell function in a murine model, investigating effects on osteoblasts and osteoclasts that govern bone formation and resorption in the bone microenvironment. Nanoplastic exposure altered bone cell activity, suggesting that daily plastic particle exposure could have long-term implications for bone health.
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