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A Review of the Treatment Process of Perfluorooctane Compounds in the Waters: Adsorption, Flocculation, and Advanced Oxidative Process
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This review examined treatment technologies for removing perfluorooctanoate and perfluorooctane sulfonate from water, covering adsorption, flocculation, and advanced oxidation processes while discussing the persistent environmental pollution and bioaccumulation risks of these compounds.
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are recognized as a new type of refractory organic pollutants. Due to the persistent environmental pollution, bioaccumulation, and biotoxicity of PFCs, they have received extensive attention in recent years. To deal with the environmental risks caused by PFCs, the pollution and distribution of PFCs in the aquatic environment are discussed in detail, mainly for the most widely used PFCs—perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). The latest progress in the current processing technology of PFOA and PFOS is comprehensively introduced. It includes a variety of physical techniques to remove PFCs such as adsorption and flocculation. It has been confirmed that various adsorbents can play a key role in the enrichment and removal of PFCs through high specific surface area and hydrophobic interaction. In addition, traditional degradation processes are often unsatisfactory for PFCs, prompting the search for more efficient and cost-effective methods, with great progress having been made in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on radical decomposition of pollutants. This review also integrates multiple advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as photocatalysis, electrochemical processes, ozone, the Fenton process, and ultrasound. This paper provides an overview of the various PFCs removal techniques and discusses their efficacy. It also explores future possible developments for PFCs elimination technologies for water treatment.
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This review evaluates treatment techniques for removing short-chain perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from water, including adsorption, advanced oxidation, and other methods. Researchers found that adsorption was the most widely used and effective approach, capable of handling a broad range of concentrations, though adsorbent regeneration remains a challenge. The study emphasizes the urgent need to improve water treatment technologies as these persistent and mobile chemicals accumulate in the water cycle.
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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), often called "forever chemicals," are highly persistent contaminants found in water and soil worldwide. This review evaluates the leading remediation techniques available for removing PFAS from contaminated environments, comparing their effectiveness, scalability, and cost. Given PFAS's resistance to natural degradation, engineered removal strategies are essential for protecting drinking water sources and ecosystems.
Removal of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from water by adsorption: Role of PFAS chain length, effect of organic matter and challenges in adsorbent regeneration
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Researchers critically reviewed adsorption-based removal of both long- and short-chain PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) from water, concluding that strong anion-exchange resins perform best but that short-chain variants remain especially difficult to remove, and that organic matter effects and adsorbent regeneration are major unresolved challenges for real-world treatment.
Comparative Study on Degradation Methods of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Compounds in Water
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This study reviews and compares methods for degrading per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water, examining photocatalysis, activated carbon adsorption, and advanced oxidation processes, finding that each approach has distinct trade-offs in efficacy and applicability depending on the type of water body being treated.
Detection and Tertiary Treatment Technologies of Poly-and Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Wastewater Treatment Plants
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This review examines detection methods and tertiary treatment technologies for removing poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from wastewater, highlighting their environmental persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and adverse effects on ecosystems and human health.
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