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Particle and Gas Phase Sampling of Pcdd/fs and Pcbs by Activated Carbon Fiber and Gc/ms Analysis
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This study validated activated carbon fiber (ACF) filters as an alternative sampling medium for measuring polychlorinated dioxins, furans, and PCBs in air, overcoming limitations of the conventional quartz fiber filter plus polyurethane foam method. Unlike standard approaches, ACF sampling enables study of gas-particle phase distribution rather than just total quantification of these semi-volatile persistent organic pollutants. Results demonstrated that ACF coupled with GC/MS analysis provides reliable performance for characterizing the atmospheric partitioning of these compounds.
Abstract Polychlorodibenzo- p -dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) are semi-volatile compounds and can be partitioned in the atmosphere between the gas and particulate phase, due to their physicochemical properties. For this reason, the reference standard methods for air sampling include a quartz fiber filter (QFF) for the particulate and a polyurethane foam (PUF) cartridge for the vapor phase, and it is the classical and most popular sampling method in the air. Despite the presence of the two adsorbing media, this method cannot be used for the study of the gas-particulate distribution, but only for a total quantification. This study presents the results and the performance aim to validate an activated carbon fiber (ACF) filter for the sampling of PCDD/Fs and PCBs using laboratory and field tests. The specificity, precision and accuracy of the ACF in relation to the QFF + PUF were evaluated through the isotopic dilution technique, the recovery rates and the standard deviations. Then the ACF performance was assessed on real samples, in a naturally contaminated area, through parallel sampling with the reference method (QFF + PUF). The QA/QC was defined according to the standard methods ISO 16000-13 and − 14 and EPA TO4A and 9A. Data confirmed that ACF meets the requirements for the quantification of native POPs compounds in atmospheric and indoor samples. In addition, ACF provided accuracy and precision comparable to those offered by standard reference methods using QFF + PUF, but with significant savings in terms of time and costs.
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