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Analisis Kelimpahan Mikroplastik pada Organ Insang dan Usus Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) di Perairan Tukad Badung, Bali
Summary
Researchers analyzed the abundance and characteristics of microplastics found in the gill and intestine organs of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) sampled from the Tukad Badung waterway in Bali, Indonesia, finding evidence of microplastic accumulation in both tissue types.
Mikroplastik adalah sampah plastik yang berukuran sangat kecil yaitu 1 μm – 5 mm dan sering ditemukan di permukaan kolom atau dasar badan air. Mikroplastik yang telah terakumulasi ke lingkungan akan berpotensi mengkontaminasi biota akuatik dikarenakan proses rantai makanan yang terjadi pada lingkungan tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kelimpahan dan karakteristik mikroplastik yang ditemukan pada organ insang dan usus ikan nila di perairan Tukad Badung, Bali. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Tukad Badung pada bulan Desember 2023 hingga Maret 2024. Sampel ikan nila diambil dari 3 titik yang berbeda dengan metode purposive sampling. Pengamatan partikel mikroplastik dilakukan dengan menggunakan mikroskop stereo dan bantuan software ImageJ. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mikroplastik lebih banyak ditemukan pada organ usus (0,077 ± 0,035 partikel/g) daripada organ insang (0,051±0,024 partikel/g). Kelimpahan mikroplastik menurut bentuknya terdapat bentuk fiber dan fragmen. Kelimpahan mikroplastik menurut ukuran terdapat ukuran < 0,5 mm hingga > 3 mm, sedangkan kelimpahan mikroplastik menurut warna terdapat warna hitam, merah, biru, hijau, putih. Dominasi mikroplastik pada organ usus lebih tinggi dari organ insang. Hal ini menunjukkan lebih tingginya mekanisme biomagnifikasi daripada mekanisme biokonsentrasi mikroplastik. Microplastic is small-size plastic waste, ranging from 1,0 μm to 5,0 mm, and widely found in the water column. Microplastics accumulation in the environment lead to the contamination the of aquatic organisms through food chain in the environment. This study aims to observe the abundance and characteristic of microplastics found on the gill and intestine of Tilapia caught in Tukad Badung, Bali. This study was carried out from December 2023 to March 2024. Tilapia fish sample was collected from 3 different station using purposive sampling method. Microplastic particle observation was performed by using Stereo Microscope and ImageJ Software. The results showed that microplastics were more abundant in the intestine (0.077 ± 0.035 particles/g) than in the gills (0.051 ± 0.024 particles/g). The abundance of microplastics based on their shape was in the form of fibers and fragments. The abundance of microplastics based on size ranged from <0.5 mm to >3 mm, while the abundance of microplastics based on color ranged from black, red, blue, green, and white. The dominance of microplastics in the intestine was higher than in the gills, indicating a higher biomagnification mechanism than the microplastic bioconcentration mechanism.
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