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Vegetación riparia y la calidad del recurso hídrico en la zona centro del litoral Ecuatoriano
Summary
Researchers evaluated riparian vegetation quality and its relationship to water resource quality in the central coastal zone of Ecuador, finding that despite abundant water availability, rural areas lack access to quality water and that agricultural expansion is reducing protective riparian vegetation.
La vegetación riparia juega un rol importante en la reducción de la entrada de contaminantes a los cuerpos hídricos. La disponibilidad de agua en Ecuador es amplia, sin embargo, áreas rurales están sin acceso a agua de calidad y la expansión agrícola reduce la vegetación riparia. El objetivo es evaluar la calidad del recurso hídrico inf luenciado por la vegetación riparia en el área rural del cantón Mocache en Ecuador. Se empleó el método cuantitativo. Se analizaron 8 parámetros físicos, químicos y microbiológicos en 12 puntos de muestreo con y sin vegetación. Se contrastaron las concentraciones con estándares nacionales (Tulsma) e internacionales, Organización Mundial de la Salud y la Agencia de Protección Ambiental de los Estados Unidos (OMS y EPA). Se aplicó dos índices de calidad de agua (ICA), Dinius (1978) y NSF (1972). Los resultados demostraron alta concentración de solidos suspendidos totales en áreas sin vegetación (52.00 mg L-1) y el agua no cumple con el estándar para uso agrícola de la EPA. La contaminación fecal es extremadamente alta, la máxima concentración de coliformes fecales es 1 538.00 NMP.100ml-1 en áreas con vegetación y 23 493.33 NMP.100ml-1 para coliformes totales en sitios sin f lora. Los ICA mostraron diferencias en su evaluación de calidad, Dinius categoriza el agua entre regular a excelente, mientras que NSF de mala a regular. Los recursos hídricos poseen contaminación fecal y representa un riesgo para el consumo humano. Así mismo, se determinó que la vegetación riparia no inf luyo en la calidad del agua (P > 0.05).
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