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Exploration of polyacrylamide microplastics and evaluation of their toxicity on multiple parameters of Oreochromis niloticus
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Researchers evaluated the toxicity of polyacrylamide microplastics on Nile tilapia fish at different concentrations and found significant harmful effects across multiple biological systems. The microplastics disrupted antioxidant enzymes, reduced blood cell counts, and caused histological damage to gills, liver, and intestine. The study indicates that polyacrylamide microplastics, increasingly present in aquatic environments, are toxic agents with broad physiological impacts on freshwater fish.
Due to the increased production of polyacrylamide microplastics in the environment impacting the adverse effects on aquatic organisms have become a global concern. The present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of different concentrations (0.018, 0.03 0.09 g/1) of polyacrylamide microplastics on Oreochromis niloticus. Polyacrylamide microplastics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The FTIR technique revealed the spherical morphology and size range of polyacrylamide (0.1-0.4 mm) with 99 % purity. Raman Spectroscopy results showed peaks around (1100 cm-1 and 1650 cm-1) in gills, these peaks confirmed the presence of polyacrylamide microplastics in the gills of Oreochromis niloticus. Polyacrylamide microplastics significantly shortened the antioxidant enzymes (Catalase and Reduced glutathione) proceedings and the increase was observed in Malondialdehyde and Lipid peroxide levels in high-dose treated groups. Moreover, total protein contents were expressively increased, while other blood parameters (AST, ALP, ALT) were significantly decreased. Hemoglobin (g/dl), Erythrocyte (106/µl) and TLC (1x109/l) levels were reduced significantly (p < 0.05) in high concentrations. The administration of polyacrylamide microplastics induced different histological changes in the gills, liver and intestine of O. niloticus. It was concluded that polyacrylamide microplastics are toxic agents having harmful effects on fish health.
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This laboratory study evaluated the toxicological effects of microplastics on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under controlled conditions, finding measurable harm at the concentrations tested. The results have implications for managing fish health in aquaculture operations with microplastic-contaminated water.
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Nile tilapia fish were exposed to small plastic particles called polypropylene microplastics in water for 28 days at different levels. Fish in the highest exposure group showed slower growth, changes in blood cells, signs of stress, and damage to gills, liver and intestine tissue.
Deleterious Effects of Polypropylene Microplastic Ingestion in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
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Researchers fed Nile tilapia daily doses of polypropylene microplastics for 30 days and observed significant health effects including changes in blood cell counts, altered gut bacteria, and tissue damage to the intestines and liver. The higher dose group showed more pronounced effects, including elevated inflammatory markers and signs of oxidative stress. The study provides evidence that chronic ingestion of microplastics commonly found in aquatic environments can cause meaningful harm to a widely consumed fish species.
Sub-chronic exposure of Oreochromis niloticus to environmentally relevant concentrations of smaller microplastics: Accumulation and toxico-physiological responses
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Researchers exposed Nile tilapia to low, environmentally relevant concentrations of polystyrene microplastics for 14 days and found the particles accumulated in multiple organs including the brain, liver, and reproductive tissues. The fish showed changes in blood chemistry, increased stress hormones, and signs of liver and kidney dysfunction. These results suggest that even realistic levels of microplastic pollution can cause measurable physiological harm in fish.
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Researchers exposed Nile tilapia to polystyrene nanoplastics for an extended period and found the particles caused blood cell changes, tissue damage in the liver and gills, and activated stress responses in cellular structures called the endoplasmic reticulum. Even the lowest concentration tested, which matches levels found in the environment, triggered harmful effects. Since tilapia is one of the most consumed farmed fish worldwide, these results highlight potential food safety concerns from nanoplastic contamination in aquaculture.
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