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Time-dependent immune injury induced by short-term exposure to nanoplastics in the Sepia esculenta larvae
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Cephalopod Sepia esculenta larvae were used for the first time to investigate how short-term nanoplastic exposure induces time-dependent immune injury, with molecular analysis revealing progressive disruption of immune signaling pathways over the exposure period. The study extends nanoplastic toxicology to cephalopods and highlights the dynamic nature of immune responses under nanoplastic stress.
Marine organisms are threatened by various environmental contaminants, and nanoplastics (NPs) is one of the most concerned. Studied have shown that NPs has a certain impact on marine organisms, but the specific molecular mechanism is still unclear. At present, researches on the effect of NPs on marine life mostly focus on crustaceans, gastropods, and bivalves. In this study, cephalopod Sepia esculenta larvae were first used to investigate the potential immune response molecular mechanisms caused by PS-NPs (50 nm, 50 mg/L) short-term exposure (4 and 24 h). Through S. esculenta larvae transcriptome profile of gene expression analysis, 548 and 1990 genes showed differential expression at 4 and 24 h after NPs exposure, respectively. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed to find immune related DEGs. Then, the interaction relationship between the immune related DEGs after NPs exposure was known through the constructed protein-protein interaction network. 20 hub genes were found on the base of KEGG pathway numbers involved and protein-protein interaction numbers. This research supply valuable genes for the study of cephalopod immune response caused by NPs, which can help us further uncover the molecular mechanisms of organism against NPs.
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Researchers examined acute effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on golden cuttlefish larvae, finding that short-term exposure triggered immune response changes, providing early evidence of nanoplastic toxicity in economically important cephalopod species.
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Researchers found that nanoplastics combined with environmental stressors triggered immune and stress-related gene regulation changes in the marine organism Ciona robusta, along with apoptosis induction, suggesting synergistic harmful effects on marine invertebrates.
Acute exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics induced oxidative stress in Sepia esculenta Larvae
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Researchers exposed cuttlefish larvae (Sepia esculenta) to polystyrene nanoplastics and found significant oxidative stress — a type of cellular damage caused by unstable molecules called free radicals — along with changes in the expression of genes involved in stress response pathways. This study extends understanding of nanoplastic harm beyond commonly studied species to economically important marine cephalopods.
Shift in Immune Parameters After Repeated Exposure to Nanoplastics in the Marine Bivalve Mytilus
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Mussels (Mytilus spp.) repeatedly exposed to polystyrene nanoplastics showed progressive shifts in immune parameters across successive exposures, suggesting that repeated low-dose exposures may chronically compromise bivalve immune function even when single exposures appear non-toxic.
Application of transcriptome profiling to inquire into the mechanism of nanoplastics toxicity during Ciona robusta embryogenesis
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Transcriptome profiling of marine mussels exposed to amino-modified polystyrene nanoplastics was used to develop an adverse outcome pathway (AOP), revealing disruption of immune function, energy metabolism, and cytoskeletal integrity as key molecular events. The integrative approach provides a mechanistic framework for predicting nanoplastic hazards in marine invertebrates.
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