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Techniques for Microplastics Detection in Urban Water Systems
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This review chapter surveys the methods used to detect microplastics in urban water systems including drinking water, wastewater, and sediment, covering sample collection, purification, and identification techniques. It highlights the lack of standardized methods as a major barrier to comparing contamination data across cities and countries.
Microplastics are widely found in various urban water including the freshwater, sediment, wastewater, sewage sludge, and drinking water. Establishing effective detection methods is of great importance for investigating the occurrence, fate, ecological risk, and control of microplastics in urban water systems. Recently, the analytical methods for detection of microplastics in urban water have attracted considerable attention but are not yet standardized. As a consequence, the data on microplastics cannot be easily compared. In this chapter, we review the detection methods for microplastics in various urban water, including sample collection and extraction, sample purification and digestion, and sample identification and quantitative analysis. Meanwhile, quality control of microplastics detection including internal deviation and judgment error are also summarized. In total, sample quantitation and quality control are key components for microplastics detection, and the analytical methods for microplastics need to be standardized as soon as possible.
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