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The involvement of oxidative stress mediated endoplasmic reticulum pathway in apoptosis of Golden Pompano (Trachinotus blochii) liver under PS-MPs stress
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Researchers exposed golden pompano, a commercially important marine fish in China, to polystyrene microplastics at three concentrations for 14 days and observed slowed growth and significant liver damage. The microplastics induced oxidative stress and triggered endoplasmic reticulum-mediated apoptosis in liver cells. The study provides evidence that coastal aquaculture species face real toxicological risks from microplastic pollution in their farming environments.
Globally, microplastics (MPs) are highly prevalent, especially in coastal areas. Unfortunately, golden pompano as a major marine fish in China is typically raised in floating marine cages near coasts, facing these MPs sources. However, toxicological studies on Golden Pompano which farm in coastal areas and face actual microplastic exposure are rare. Therefore, golden pompano were exposed to 10.0 μg/L, 100.0 μg/L, and 1000.0 μg/L polystyrene MPs (PS-MPs) for 14 days to study the potential impact of the microplastics on the Golden Pompano. Fish show slowed growth after 14 days of exposure. Histopathology shows irregular shaped nuclei and nuclear and cytoplasmic vacuolation traits in liver. Oxidative stress-related enzyme activity and gene expression data show that oxidative damage occurs in the high-concentrations (100.0 μg/L and 1000.0 μg/L) of PS-MPs exposures. Up-regulation of Grp78, Xbp-1, Eif-2α and chop gene expression indicates the occurrence of endoplasmic reticulum stress, and the western blot results also confirmed this. Severe oxidative stress also caused ERS, which ultimately increased BAX/Bcl-2 ratios and induces apoptosis. Furthermore, up-regulated anaerobic respiration, altered lipid metabolism, and immune disturbance were exhibited during PS-MPs stress. Therefore, oxidative stress appeared to be the main toxicity issue caused by MPs, while ERS-mediated apoptosis, metabolic alterations, and immune responses were induced by this stress. Notably, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis are a self-protective mechanism, which may be an intermediate link in the toxicity of microplastics. This study highlights the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in MPs toxicology and assesses the adverse effects of microplastics on Golden Pompano.
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Researchers fed carp water containing polystyrene microplastics and found significant liver damage, including inflammation, disrupted cell recycling processes, and cell death. The microplastics triggered a stress response in the cell's protein-folding machinery (endoplasmic reticulum), which set off a chain reaction of inflammation and tissue damage. These findings in freshwater fish suggest that microplastics can cause serious organ damage through specific cellular stress pathways.
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