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Reply to the ‘Comment on “Expanded polystyrene is not chemically degraded by mealworms”’ by W.-M. Wu and C. S. Criddle, RSC Sustainability , 2026, 4 , DOI: 10.1039/D5SU00247H

RSC Sustainability 2025
Zahra Mohammadizadeh Tahroudi, Shaik Sayed Md Rashidul Hossain, Gavin R. Flematti, Jitendra Joshi, Georg Fritz, Rob Atkin

Summary

Researchers rebutted claims that mealworms biodegrade expanded polystyrene, demonstrating that insects fed pure or commercial EPS die faster than starvation controls, shed only frass and microplastics, and leave the polymer's chemical structure chemically unchanged and unassimilated.

Polymers

EPS ingestion ≠ biodegradation: mealworms and superworms fed pure or commercial EPS die faster than starvation controls, shed only frass + microplastics, and leave the polymer’s chemical structure unchanged and unassimilated.

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