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Plastic Webs, the New Food: Dynamics of Microplastics in a Mediterranean Food Web, Key Species as Pollution Sources and Receptors
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This review synthesized evidence on microplastic ingestion, accumulation, and biological effects across Mediterranean marine biota — including fish, invertebrates, and marine mammals — assessing the ecological consequences of widespread contamination. Because Mediterranean seafood is a dietary staple for hundreds of millions of people, plastic accumulation throughout its food web represents a significant and poorly quantified source of human microplastic intake.
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Wild Mediterranean marine species show measurable microplastic accumulation, reflecting the basin's disproportionately high contamination relative to global averages. These findings highlight the ecological risk microplastics pose to Mediterranean biodiversity and the seafood consumed by millions of people.
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Researchers examine whether mesopelagic fish in the Strait of Messina act as vectors transferring ingested microplastics up the Mediterranean food web, finding that plastic ingestion by these deep-water species could play a significant role in contaminating higher trophic levels.
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Microplastics accumulate toxic pollutants on their surfaces and are ingested by organisms across aquatic trophic levels, from zooplankton to fish, enabling biomagnification of co-contaminants through food webs. This ecotoxicological chain means that human consumption of seafood carries compounded chemical exposure risks from microplastic-associated pollutants.
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