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The Ecotoxicological Effects of Microplastics on Trophic Levels of Aquatic Ecosystems
Summary
Microplastics accumulate toxic pollutants on their surfaces and are ingested by organisms across aquatic trophic levels, from zooplankton to fish, enabling biomagnification of co-contaminants through food webs. This ecotoxicological chain means that human consumption of seafood carries compounded chemical exposure risks from microplastic-associated pollutants.
Spatial and temporal variations of microplastics (MPs) studies in both fresh water and seawater ecosystems have produced many results that support the adsorption of toxic pollutants to the microplastic surface. In addition, small-sized polymer fragments have...