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Microplastics: An Overview
Summary
This overview summarized the sources, types, distribution, environmental fate, and ecological effects of microplastics across aquatic and terrestrial systems, covering both primary and secondary plastic fragments smaller than 5 mm. The global ubiquity of microplastics — found in every environmental compartment — means human exposure through food, water, and air is effectively unavoidable without systemic intervention.
Plastic waste particularly microplastics (MPs) is ubiquitous in the environment. MPs have occupied all zones of water bodies, particularly the oceans as well as sediments. They are microscopic fragments of plastic with a size < 5 mm. They can be primary...