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Epithelial Barrier Theory: The Role of Exposome, Microbiome, and Barrier Function in Allergic Diseases

Allergy Asthma and Immunology Research 2023 40 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count. Score: 60 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.

İsmail Öğülür, Yağız Pat, Duygu Yazıcı, Duygu Yazıcı, Yağız Pat, Cezmi A. Akdiş Yasutaka Mitamura, Sena Ardıçlı, Yağız Pat, Purevsuren Losol, İsmail Öğülür, İsmail Öğülür, İsmail Öğülür, İsmail Öğülür, Willem van de Veen, Milena Sokołowska, Yağız Pat, Duygu Yazıcı, Cezmi A. Akdiş Sena Ardıçlı, Yağız Pat, Yağız Pat, İsmail Öğülür, İsmail Öğülür, Cezmi A. Akdiş Cezmi A. Akdiş Yasutaka Mitamura, Mübeccel Akdiş, Duygu Yazıcı, Yağız Pat, Duygu Yazıcı, Duygu Yazıcı, Duygu Yazıcı, Yu-Kyoung Hwang, İsmail Öğülür, Mübeccel Akdiş, Duygu Yazıcı, Cezmi A. Akdiş Yasutaka Mitamura, Duygu Yazıcı, Yağız Pat, Sena Ardıçlı, İsmail Öğülür, Yağız Pat, Yağız Pat, Yasutaka Mitamura, Duygu Yazıcı, Duygu Yazıcı, Yağız Pat, Mübeccel Akdiş, Sena Ardıçlı, Cezmi A. Akdiş İsmail Öğülür, Milena Sokołowska, Yasutaka Mitamura, Sena Ardıçlı, Duygu Yazıcı, Yağız Pat, Mübeccel Akdiş, Cezmi A. Akdiş Yasutaka Mitamura, Sena Ardıçlı, Mübeccel Akdiş, Duygu Yazıcı, Yağız Pat, Mübeccel Akdiş, Yasutaka Mitamura, Sena Ardıçlı, Mübeccel Akdiş, Urszula Radzikowska, Cezmi A. Akdiş Mübeccel Akdiş, Urszula Radzikowska, Cezmi A. Akdiş Mübeccel Akdiş, Mübeccel Akdiş, Mübeccel Akdiş, Mübeccel Akdiş, Cezmi A. Akdiş Sena Ardıçlı, İsmail Öğülür, Jeong-Eun Yoon, Jeong-Eun Yoon, Cezmi A. Akdiş Milena Sokołowska, Yasutaka Mitamura, Sena Ardıçlı, Mübeccel Akdiş, Cezmi A. Akdiş Jun‐Pyo Choi, Cezmi A. Akdiş Cezmi A. Akdiş Mübeccel Akdiş, Sae‐Hoon Kim, Mübeccel Akdiş, İsmail Öğülür, İsmail Öğülür, İsmail Öğülür, Cezmi A. Akdiş İsmail Öğülür, Mübeccel Akdiş, Cezmi A. Akdiş Yasutaka Mitamura, Yasutaka Mitamura, Cezmi A. Akdiş Willem van de Veen, Cezmi A. Akdiş Cezmi A. Akdiş Mübeccel Akdiş, Yoon‐Seok Chang, Cezmi A. Akdiş Cezmi A. Akdiş Cezmi A. Akdiş Cezmi A. Akdiş Mübeccel Akdiş, Cezmi A. Akdiş

Summary

This review presents the epithelial barrier theory, which proposes that damage to the body's protective barriers is a key driver of allergic diseases. Researchers identified numerous environmental factors including microplastics, nanoparticles, detergents, and processed food additives that can weaken epithelial barriers in the skin, lungs, and gut. The study suggests that the rising prevalence of allergies may be linked to increasing exposure to barrier-disrupting substances in our modern environment.

Body Systems

Immune Integumentary

Allergic diseases are a major public health problem with increasing prevalence. These immune-mediated diseases are characterized by defective epithelial barriers, which are explained by the epithelial barrier theory and continuously emerging evidence. Environmental exposures (exposome) including global warming, changes and loss of biodiversity, pollution, pathogens, allergens and mites, laundry and dishwasher detergents, surfactants, shampoos, body cleaners and household cleaners, microplastics, nanoparticles, toothpaste, enzymes and emulsifiers in processed foods, and dietary habits are responsible for the mucosal and skin barrier disruption. Exposure to barrier-damaging agents causes epithelial cell injury and barrier damage, colonization of opportunistic pathogens, loss of commensal bacteria, decreased microbiota diversity, bacterial translocation, allergic sensitization, and inflammation in the periepithelial area. Here, we review scientific evidence on the environmental components that impact epithelial barriers and microbiome composition and their influence on asthma and allergic diseases. We also discuss the historical overview of allergic diseases and the evolution of the hygiene hypothesis with theoretical evidence.

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