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Influência nos processos de retenção e transporte de pesticidas e ecotoxicidade de microplásticos em solo tropical
Summary
Researchers investigated how high-density polyethylene microplastics from agricultural mulch films influence the retention and transport of pesticides in tropical soil, finding that microplastics alter pesticide dynamics and may increase their environmental persistence and ecotoxicity.
Pesticides are commonly applied to control weeds to facilitate the management of agricultural pests in tomato cultivation, and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) mulching systems are also used.However, when exposed to adverse weather conditions, these plastic films may fragment and generate microplastics (MPs), which may favor the retention of pesticides in the soil and change the dynamics of these products in the environment.Thus, being pesticides and MPs contaminants that coexist in agricultural systems, this study aimed to investigate the behavior of pesticides diflubenzuron, fluazinam, and metribuzin under the influence of HDPE microplastics and their ecotoxicological effects on earthworms (Elsenia andrei) in a tropical soil.Sorption and desorption were analyzed utilizing the "batch" equilibrium test, with the application of different concentrations of the pesticides (1/4, 1/2, 1, 2, and 4), from that recommended in the field, and of the MPs (0, 0.25, 1 and 4 % w/w).The leaching was analyzed in glass columns (200 mm in 6 hours) with the same MPs concentrations.The distribution of pesticides was checked in the 0 -10 cm layer and the leachate.Mobility was verified by utilize utilizing yerthin-layerraphy with the same concentrations of MPs.The ecotoxicity study was carried out through the exposure of (Elsenia andrei) earthworms to different concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 %,w/w) of PM in a natural soil for 14 days where the parameters of mortality and weight loss were measured.The results showed that adding different concentrations of MPs to soil affects the pesticide transport retention processes depending on their concentration, physicochemical properties, and pesticide doses.On the other hand, MPs did not cause lethality to the earthworms Elsenia andrei; however, there was a biomass loss during the exposure period.Through this study, it is possible to understand the behavior of the association between MPs and pesticides in the soil matrix and its ecotoxicological effects.
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