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Acute effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on the immune response in Sepia esculenta larvae
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Researchers examined acute effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on golden cuttlefish larvae, finding that short-term exposure triggered immune response changes, providing early evidence of nanoplastic toxicity in economically important cephalopod species.
With extensive use of plastic products, microplastics (MPs, < 5 mm) and nanoplastics (NPs, < 1 μm) have become major pollutants in ecosystem, especially in marine environment. In recent years, researches on the impact of NPs on organisms have gradually increased. However, studies on the influence of NPs on cephalopods are still limited. Golden cuttlefish (Sepia esculenta), an important economic cephalopod, is a shallow marine benthic organism. In this study, the effect of acute exposure (4 h) to 50-nm polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs, 100 μg/L) on the immune response of S. esculenta larvae was analyzed via transcriptome data. A total of 1260 DEGs were obtained in the gene expression analysis. The analyses of GO, KEGG signaling pathway enrichment, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were then performed to explore the potential molecular mechanisms of the immune response. Finally, 16 key immune-related DEGs were obtained according to the number of KEGG signaling pathways involved and the PPI number. This study not only confirmed that NPs had an impact on cephalopod immune response, but also provided novel insights for further unmasking the toxicological mechanisms of NPs.
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Acute exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics induced oxidative stress in Sepia esculenta Larvae
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Researchers exposed cuttlefish larvae (Sepia esculenta) to polystyrene nanoplastics and found significant oxidative stress — a type of cellular damage caused by unstable molecules called free radicals — along with changes in the expression of genes involved in stress response pathways. This study extends understanding of nanoplastic harm beyond commonly studied species to economically important marine cephalopods.
Time-dependent immune injury induced by short-term exposure to nanoplastics in the Sepia esculenta larvae
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Cephalopod Sepia esculenta larvae were used for the first time to investigate how short-term nanoplastic exposure induces time-dependent immune injury, with molecular analysis revealing progressive disruption of immune signaling pathways over the exposure period. The study extends nanoplastic toxicology to cephalopods and highlights the dynamic nature of immune responses under nanoplastic stress.
Toxicological effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on marine organisms
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Researchers exposed Pacific white shrimp to polystyrene nanoplastics at various concentrations and measured immune, antioxidant, and tissue responses after seven days. They found that nanoplastic exposure disrupted immune function, increased oxidative stress, and caused tissue damage, particularly in the hepatopancreas and gills. The study adds to growing evidence that nanoplastics can harm the health of commercially important marine species.
Environmental and Sublethal Concentrations of Polystyrene Nanoplastics Induced Antioxidant System, Transcriptomic Responses, and Disturbed Gut Microbiota in Oyster Magallana Hongkongensis
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Researchers exposed Hong Kong oysters to polystyrene nanoplastics at both environmentally realistic and higher concentrations. Even at the lower, real-world concentrations, the nanoplastics significantly altered the oysters' gut bacteria and gene expression patterns, while higher doses also triggered immune and antioxidant stress responses, raising concerns about food safety and ecosystem health.
Immunotoxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics in different hemocyte subpopulations of Mytilus galloprovincialis
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Researchers exposed hemocyte subpopulations of Mytilus galloprovincialis mussels to polystyrene nanoplastics and found that different immune cell types responded differently, with some showing increased mortality and lysosomal damage at environmentally relevant concentrations.
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