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Micro y nanoplásticos en mares y océanos
Summary
This Spanish-language review synthesizes current knowledge on micro- and nanoplastics in marine environments, covering definitions, sources, detection methods, ingestion by organisms, toxicity, habitat disruption, and species introduction, while highlighting the lack of standardized methodologies that hampers cross-study comparisons.
Mares y océanos sufren un grave problema de contaminación a causa de la presencia de residuos plásticos que afecta no solo a la biota marina, sino también a los seres humanos. A pesar de la abundante información sobre la presencia de plásticos en mares y océanos, aún se carece de conocimiento sólido sobre la cantidad de plásticos que ingresan al medio marino. Esta situación se agrava con respecto a los nano y microplásticos; dado que la mayor parte de las investigaciones se han enfocado a los macroplásticos y a regiones de fácil acceso como playas. Por otra parte, la carencia de una armonización o estandarización de metodologías, clasificaciones y una definición funcional de nano y microplásticos no permite la comparación de datos espaciales y temporales de la problemática entre la comunidad científica. El objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar la información actual sobre los nano y microplásticos: definiciones, fuentes, metodologías, ingestión, toxicidad, alteración de hábitat e introducción de especies.
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