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Understanding the ecological effects of the fungicide difenoconazole on soil and Enchytraeus crypticus gut microbiome

Environmental Pollution 2023 19 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count. Score: 55 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.

Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Qi Zhang, Qi Zhang, Qi Zhang, Qi Zhang, Guoyan Qin, Qi Zhang, Qi Zhang, Qi Zhang, Guoyan Qin, Qi Zhang, Qi Zhang, Qi Zhang, Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Haifeng Qian, Qi Zhang, Qi Zhang, Qi Zhang, Qi Zhang, Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Guoyan Qin, Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Haifeng Qian, Ziyao Zhang, Guoyan Qin, Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Yiling Chen, Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Qi Zhang, Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Guoyan Qin, Qi Zhang, Guoyan Qin, Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Guoyan Qin, Jichao Zhu, Ziyao Zhang, Qi Zhang, Guoyan Qin, Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Yaohui Yang, Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Qi Zhang, Qi Zhang, Qi Zhang, Ziyao Zhang, Haifeng Qian, Yaohui Yang, Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Qi Zhang, Qi Zhang, Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Haifeng Qian, Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Haifeng Qian, Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Haifeng Qian, Haifeng Qian, Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Haifeng Qian, Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Haifeng Qian, Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Haifeng Qian, Haifeng Qian, Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Haifeng Qian, Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Haifeng Qian, Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg Haifeng Qian, Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg

Summary

Researchers exposed soil-dwelling worms and surrounding soil microbiomes to the fungicide difenoconazole for 21 days, finding reduced body weight and oxidative stress in the worms alongside altered gut and soil microbial communities, with soil metagenomics revealing that bacterial detoxification genes and virus-encoded carbon cycle genes were enriched under pesticide stress.

Increasing knowledge of the impacts of pesticides on soil ecological communities is fundamental to a comprehensive understanding of the functional changes in the global agroecosystem industry. In this study, we examined microbial community shifts in the gut of the soil-dwelling organism Enchytraeus crypticus and functional shifts in the soil microbiome (bacteria and viruses) after 21 d of exposure to difenoconazole, one of the main fungicides in intensified agriculture. Our results demonstrated reduced body weight and increased oxidative stress levels of E. crypticus under difenoconazole treatment. Meanwhile, difenoconazole not only altered the composition and structure of the gut microbial community, but also interfered with the soil-soil fauna microecology stability by impairing the abundance of beneficial bacteria. Using soil metagenomics, we revealed that bacterial genes encoding detoxification and viruses encoding carbon cycle genes exhibited a dependent enrichment in the toxicity of pesticides via metabolism. Taken together, these findings advance the understanding of the ecotoxicological impact of residual difenoconazole on the soil-soil fauna micro-ecology, and the ecological importance of virus-encoded auxiliary metabolic genes under pesticide stress.

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