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Protective Role of Kelulut Honey against Toxicity Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics on Morphology, Hormones, and Sex Steroid Receptor Expression in the Uterus of Rats
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Researchers found that Kelulut honey protected the rat uterus against toxic effects of polystyrene microplastics on morphology, hormones, and sex steroid receptor expression, suggesting its phytochemical properties may counteract reproductive disruption from microplastics.
Kelulut honey can protect the female reproductive system against the disruptive effects of PS-MPs. The phytochemical properties of Kelulut honey might be responsible for these beneficial benefits. However, future studies are warranted to identify the mechanisms involved.
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Polystyrene microplastics and reproductive toxicity: mechanisms, cross-species impacts, and emerging mitigation strategies
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This review pulls together animal and lab studies showing that tiny plastic particles called polystyrene microplastics—found widely in our environment—may harm reproductive health by causing cell damage, hormone disruption, and inflammation. While some natural compounds like honey and probiotics show promise in reducing this damage in early studies, scientists still don't know exactly how these findings apply to real-world human exposure, since most research uses higher doses than what people typically encounter. More standardized research is needed before we can say for certain how much of a risk everyday microplastic exposure poses to human fertility.
Anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of royal jelly against polystyrene microplastic-induced testicular injury in mice.
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Royal jelly — a natural bee product — protected mouse testes from damage caused by polystyrene microplastic exposure by boosting antioxidant defenses and reducing programmed cell death. This points to potential protective nutritional strategies against reproductive harm from microplastic ingestion, though results in mice need to be verified before drawing conclusions about human health.
Impact of polyethylene microplastics exposure on kallikrein-3 levels, steroidal-thyroidal hormones, and antioxidant status in murine model: protective potentials of naringin
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When male rats were exposed to polyethylene microplastics (the most common type found in packaging), they showed disrupted testosterone, thyroid hormones, and antioxidant defenses. A citrus compound called naringin partially reversed these harmful effects, suggesting both that microplastics can interfere with the hormonal system and that certain natural compounds might offer some protection.
Attenuative effect of astilbin on polystyrene microplastics induced testicular damage: Biochemical, spermatological and histopathological-based evidences
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Researchers found that astilbin, a natural plant compound, significantly reduced testicular damage caused by polystyrene microplastic exposure in rats. The microplastics disrupted hormone levels, sperm quality, and testicular tissue structure, but astilbin treatment counteracted these effects by boosting antioxidant defenses and reducing inflammation. The study suggests that natural antioxidant compounds may offer protective benefits against the reproductive harm associated with microplastic exposure.
Microplastic-induced female reproductive toxicity: Mechanisms and potential protective interventions.
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This review paper summarizes existing research on how microplastics may harm the female reproductive system, including the ovary, uterus, placenta, and pregnancy. It covers proposed mechanisms such as oxidative stress, hormone disruption, inflammation, and cell death, and discusses interventions that have been studied alongside microplastic exposure.
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