Adsorptive Removal of Dimethyl Phthalate Using Peanut Shell Derived Biochar from Aqueous Solutions: Equilibrium, Kinetics and Mechanistic Studies.

Abstract Rise in polymer industry and extensive use of their products leads to leaching of phthalate esters and distributed into the different matrices of the environment. These chemical group has the potential to hamper the life of living organisms and ecosystem. Thus, it is essential to develop cost effective adsorbents capable of removing these harmful compounds from the environment. In this work, peanut hull derived biochar was taken as the adsorbent, and DMP was selected as the model pollutant or adsorbates. The biochar’s of different properties were produced at three pyrolysis temperature (i.e., 450,550, and 650°C) to check how temperature affected the adsorbent properties and adsorption performance. Consequently, performance of biochar’s for DMP adsorption were thoroughly studied by the combination of experiments and compared with commercial activated carbon (CAC). All the adsorbents are meticulously characterized using various analytical techniques and used for adsorption DMP from aqueous solutions. The results suggested that adsorption was favoring chemisorption with multi-layered adsorption as adsorption kinetics and isotherm are in good alignment with pseudo second order kinetics and Freundlich isotherm, respectively. Further, thermodynamic study revealed DMP adsorption on adsorbent is physically spontaneous and endothermic. The removal efficiency order of four adsorbent was as follows: BC650 > CAC > BC550 > BC450 with maximum efficiency of 98.8% for BC650 followed by 98.6% for CAC at optimum conditions. And, as it’s a short carbon chain PAE, dominant mechanisms of adsorption for DMP onto porous biochar were H-bonding, π-π EDA interactions, and diffusion within the pore spaces. Therefore, this study can provide strategies for the synthesis of biochar for effectively removing DMP from aqueous solution.