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Adsorption of Pollutants from Wastewater by Biochar: A Review
Summary
This review examines how biochar, a carbon-rich material made from organic waste, can be used to remove pollutants including microplastics, heavy metals, and organic chemicals from wastewater. Biochar works by adsorbing contaminants onto its surface, and its effectiveness can be improved through chemical modifications. The technology offers a low-cost, sustainable approach to water treatment that could help reduce microplastic contamination in water supplies.
Biochar is a functional material prepared under controlled thermal decomposition of organic feedstocks from crops, forestry residues, sewage sludge, algal biomass, and poultry manure. Due to its intrinsic properties, biochar has been widely used as an adsorbent to remove vide range of pollutants such as organic pollutants, microplastics, heavy metals, and nutrients from water and wastewater. Currently, the accumulation of pollutants in the industrial, municipal and agricultural wastewater has become a major challenge to focus. This study has reviewed significant number of articles and focused on removing heavy metals, microplastics, significant nutrients and organic pollutants (fertilizer's, antibiotics, PAHs, and PCBs). The pollutants in water significantly reduce crop yield, quality of the environment and dangerous to human health. The percentage removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution (88–98%) using adsorption isotherms is found to be higher than industrial (55–60%) and municipal wastewater (80–85%). The effective removal of contaminants from wastewater samples on a field-scale is enhanced by increasing the specific surface area and pore volume of biochar granules after post-treatment.