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Inflammatory and oxidative responses to PET nanoplastics in the leech Hirudo verbana : a comparative analysis of acute and chronic exposure
Summary
This study exposed the medicinal leech Hirudo verbana to PET nanoplastics under acute and chronic conditions, examining inflammatory and oxidative stress responses to characterize how nanoplastic exposure affects immune regulation in aquatic invertebrates.
Nanoplastics (NPs) are emerging environmental contaminants with the potential to induce cellular stress and immune dysregulation in aquatic organisms.
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