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Visual tracking of label-free microplastics in wheat seedlings and their effects on crop growth and physiology
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Researchers used advanced microscopy to visually track label-free polystyrene microplastics as they moved through wheat seedlings from roots to shoots via the plant's water-transport system. At lower concentrations, the microplastics actually increased water uptake in roots, but at higher concentrations they significantly reduced chlorophyll and carotenoid levels. The study provides direct visual evidence that crop plants can absorb and transport microplastics, with potential consequences for plant health and food safety.
The effects of microplastics on crop plants have attracted growing attention. However, little is known about the effects of microplastics and their extracts on the growth and physiology of wheat seedlings. In this study, hyperspectral-enhanced dark field microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to accurately track the accumulation of 200 nm label-free polystyrene microplastics (PS) in wheat seedlings. The PS accumulated along the root xylem cell wall and in the xylem vessel member and then moved toward to the shoots. In addition, lower concentration (≤ 5 mg·L-1) of microplastics increased root hydraulic conductivity by 80.6 %- 117.0 %. While higher PS treatment (200 mg·L-1) considerably decreased plant pigments content (chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll) by 14.8 %, 19.9 %, and 17.2 %, respectively, and decreased root hydraulic conductivity by 50.7 %. Similarly, catalase activity was reduced by 17.7 % in root and 36.8 % in shoot. However, extracts from the PS solution showed no physiological effect on wheat. The result confirmed that it was the plastic particle, rather than the chemical reagents added in the microplastics, contributed to the physiological variation. These data will benefit to better understanding on the behavior of microplastics in soil plants, and to providing of convincing evidence for the effects of terrestrial microplastics.
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Wheat plants grown in sand containing fluorescent polystyrene microbeads were able to take up and translocate 0.2-micrometer particles from roots to shoots, visualized using confocal microscopy. The study confirms that crop plants can accumulate microplastics from growing media and transport them to aerial tissues, raising concerns about food chain contamination.
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In a hydroponic experiment, researchers showed that both nano-sized (80 nm) and micro-sized (1 micrometer) polystyrene particles were absorbed by rice plant roots and transported up into stems and leaves. The particles traveled through the plant's vascular system and accumulated in cell walls and between cells. This finding is concerning because it demonstrates that microplastics in soil and water can enter food crops like rice and potentially reach people through their diet.
Assessing implications of nanoplastics exposure to plants with advanced nanometrology techniques
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Researchers exposed wheat plants to palladium-doped nanoplastics in hydroponic conditions and used advanced imaging techniques to track their uptake. They found that nanoplastics accumulated on root surfaces and were taken up into root tissues, with some translocation to the shoots. The study provides quantitative evidence that nanoplastics can enter the food chain through plant uptake from contaminated growing environments.
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Researchers tracked fluorescently labeled nanoplastics as they traveled through pakchoi (a leafy green vegetable), entering through the roots, moving up through the plant's water-transport system, and accumulating in the leaves. The nanoplastics caused oxidative damage and disrupted plant hormones, demonstrating a clear pathway by which plastic pollution in soil could enter the human food supply through everyday vegetables.
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Researchers examined the uptake and movement of polystyrene nanoplastics in lettuce, carrot, and wheat following root and foliar exposure using confocal and electron microscopy. The study found that nanoplastics were internalized in root, stem, and leaf tissues of all three species, with lettuce showing the most extensive systemic transport including bidirectional movement, raising potential concerns for human exposure through crop consumption.
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