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Komposisi dan Kepadatan Mikroplastik di Sedimen Perairan Pulau Los, Kota Tanjungpinang, Kepulauan Riau
Summary
Researchers surveyed Los Island's coastal sediments in Tanjungpinang, Indonesia, and found microplastics at all 30 sampling points, with fibers, fragments, and films present in both sandy and muddy substrates. The study documented that plastic waste has penetrated the sediments of this island environment, threatening the benthic organisms that live there. These findings add to growing evidence that even relatively remote Indonesian island coastlines are significantly contaminated with microplastics from land-based and marine sources.
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya keberadaan sampah plastik di sedimen perairan Pulau Los, Kota Tanjungpinang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui komposisi dan kepadatan jenis mikroplastik serta perbedaan antara nilai rata-rata kepadatan mikroplastik pada setiap jenis sedimen di Pulau Los, Kota Tanjungpinang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei-Juli 2022. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode Random Sampling di 30 titik dengan satu kali pengambilan sampel. Sampel sedimen diambil menggunakan transek kuadran ukuran 0,5x0,5 m pada kedalaman 5 cm. Sampel sedimen kemudian dikeringkan dengan oven, setelah kering sampel diberi larutan H2O2 30% untuk menghancurkan bahan organik serta larutan ZnCl2 untuk memisahkan partikel mikroplastik dengan non-plastik. Selanjutnya sampel diidentifikasi di laboratorium menggunakan mikroskop stereo. Komposisi mikroplastik di sedimen berpasir dan pasir berlumpur terdiri dari jenis fiber, fragmen, dan film sedangkan untuk jenis foam dan pelet tidak dijumpai dalam penelitian ini. Kepadatan mikroplastik jenis fiber mempunyai nilai rata-rata yang lebih tinggi di sedimen pasir berlumpur yaitu sebesar 6,75 partikel/25 gram sedimen kering dibandingkan dengan sedimen berpasir yang hanya sebesar 5,83 partikel/25 gram sedimen kering. Fragmen merupakan jenis mikroplastik yang nilai rata-rata kepadatannya hampir mendekati antara sedimen pasir berlumpur yang memperoleh nilai sebesar 5,58 partikel/25 gram sedimen kering dengan sedimen berpasir sebesar 5,22 partikel/25 gram sedimen kering. Mikroplastik jenis film mempunyai nilai rata-rata kepadatan yang lebih tinggi di sedimen pasir berlumpur yaitu sebesar 5,08 partikel/25 gram sedimen kering dibandingkan dengan sedimen berpasir yang hanya sebesar 3,83 partikel/25 gram sedimen kering. Hasil uji Kruskal Wallis dan uji ANOVA menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan secara nyata antara kepadatan jenis mikroplastik pada sedimen berpasir dan pasir berlumpur di Pulau Los, Kota Tanjungpinang. This research is based on the presence of plastic waste in the sediments of the waters of Los Island, Tanjungpinang City. The objective of this study was to determine the composition and density of microplastics along the differences between the average values of microplastic density in each type of sediment on Los Island, Tanjungpinang City.This research was conducted in May-July 2022. Sampling used the Random Sampling method at 30 points with one sampling. Sediment samples were taken using a 0,5x0,5 m quadrant transect at a depth of 5 cm. The sediment sample was then dried in an oven, after drying the sample was given a 30% H2O2 solution to destroy organic matter and a ZnCl2 solution to separate microplastic particles from non-microplastics. The samples were then identified in the laboratory using a stereo microscope. The composition of microplastics in sandy and muddy sand sediments consisted of fiber, fragments, and films, while foam and pellet types were not found in this study. The density of fiber-type microplastics has a higher average value in muddy sand sediments, which is 6,75 particles/25 grams of dry sediment compared to sandy sediments which are only 5,83 particles/25 grams of dry sediment. Fragments are a type of microplastic with an average density value close to that of silty sand sediments with a value of 5,58 particles/25 grams of dry sediment and sandy sediments of 5,22 particles/25 grams of dry sediment. Film-type microplastics have a higher average density value in muddy sand sediments namely 5,08 particles/25 grams of dry sediment compared to sandy sediments which are only 3,83 particles/25 grams of dry sediment. The results of the Kruskal Wallis test and the ANOVA test showed that there was no significant difference between the densities of microplastic species in sandy and muddy sand sediments on Los Island, Tanjungpinang City.
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