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Seasonal distribution of microplastics in the surface waters of the Yellow Sea, China
Summary
A four-season survey of the Yellow Sea found microplastics present year-round at an average concentration of 0.63 particles per cubic meter, with spring showing the highest abundance — likely driven by river runoff and wind patterns. Polypropylene, polyethylene, and PET were the dominant plastic types, providing baseline data critical for assessing long-term trends in one of the world's most economically important semi-enclosed seas.
Different studies are filling the gaps in the distribution map of global marine microplastics. However, the data on the seasonal variation is relatively limited, which may lead to overestimation or underestimation of the distribution level of microplastics. To understand baseline data and seasonal variations of the microplastics in the surface seawater of the Yellow Sea, a survey over four seasons was conducted during 2017-2018. Microplastics were collected using a 330 μm manta net. It was found that the abundance of microplastics was 0.63 ± 0.57 particles/m. The seasonal abundance variation was spring > summer ≈ winter > autumn. The main categories were foam, line, and fragments, accounting for 32 %, 19 %, and 19 % of the total amount, respectively, and the dominant components were polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyethylene terephthalate, accounting for 38 %, 22 %, and 22 % of particles, respectively. The factors affecting the variation included wind-induced mixing, river input, and environmental topography.
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