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Penetration of micro/nanoplastics into biological barriers in organisms and associated health effects
Summary
This Chinese-language review systematically examined how micro- and nanoplastics penetrate gastrointestinal, respiratory, and skin barriers in humans and model organisms, and how they translocate via blood circulation to accumulate in organs including the liver, brain, testes, and placenta.
由于塑料的生产量和废弃量逐年急剧递增，微/纳塑料环境污染问题日益凸显，已成为全球关注的重大环境问题。微/纳塑料具有尺寸小、难降解、易迁移等特点。食物、水体、空气及日用品中的微/纳塑料能够通过消化道、呼吸道及皮肤接触等途径进入人体，对组织器官产生毒性效应，危害人体健康。本文聚焦微/纳塑料的毒性效应与健康风险研究热点，系统梳理了微/纳塑料在人体、模式动物及典型人源细胞中的相关研究，评述了微/纳塑料的主要机体暴露途径及其穿透胃肠道屏障、肺部屏障、皮肤屏障的能力；分析了微/纳塑料透过机体血液循环发生血肝转移、血脑转移、血睾转移、血胎转移并在各器官中蓄积的行为过程与主控因素；阐述了微/纳塑料对机体不同组织和器官的毒性效应及其潜在作用机制；探讨了当下微/纳塑料健康风险研究面临的瓶颈及关键技术难点；提出了未来研究应当对微/纳塑料的精确定性定量方法、载体效应、流行病学调查等方面加以注重，以期为进一步指导微/纳塑料人体健康效应研究奠定基础。
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