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Toxicity of mixture of polyethylene microplastics and Up Grade® pesticide on Oreochromis niloticus juvenile: I. Hemato-biochemical and histopathological alterations
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Researchers exposed juvenile Nile tilapia to a pesticide and polyethylene microplastics, both individually and in combination, and measured blood chemistry changes and organ damage over 15 days. The combination treatment caused more severe effects than either pollutant alone, including reduced red blood cell counts, elevated liver enzymes, and significant tissue damage to the gills and intestines. The study demonstrates that microplastics can worsen the toxic effects of agricultural pesticides on commercially important fish species.
Acute toxicity experiments were conducted to determine the lethal concentration 50 (LC50) of the Up Grade®46% SL for Oreochromis niloticus. Our results showed that the 96-h LC50 value of UPGR for O. niloticus was 29.16 mg L-1. To study hemato-biochemical effects, fish were exposed for 15 days to individual UPGR at 2.916 mg L-1, individual polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) at 10 mg L-1, and to their combinations UPGR+PE-MPs. UPGR exposure induced significant decrease in account of red blood cells (RBCs) and white blood cells (WBCs), platelets, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and the concentrations of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) than other treatments, compared to the control group. Sub-acute UPGR exposure significantly increase lymphocytes, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), compared to the control group. In conclusion, UPGR and PE-MPs displayed antagonistic toxic effects due to maybe the sorption of UPGR onto PE-MPs.
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Co-exposure toxicity of microplastic and sumithion in Nile tilapia – changes in growth, hematology, histopathology of internal tissues and immune-antioxidant genes expression
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Researchers studied the combined effects of polyamide microplastics and the pesticide sumithion on Nile tilapia, a widely farmed fish species. They found that co-exposure reduced growth, disrupted blood parameters, caused tissue damage in gills and intestines, and altered immune and antioxidant gene expression more severely than either pollutant alone. The study highlights that microplastics and pesticides together may pose amplified threats to fish health in contaminated aquaculture environments.
Multi‐Biomarkers' Responses in Gills of Oreochromis niloticus Exposed to Glyphosate and Polyethylene Microplastic, Isolated and in Mixture
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Researchers exposed tilapia fish to polyethylene microplastics and the herbicide glyphosate, both alone and in combination, and examined gill tissue for signs of damage. They found that the mixture of both contaminants caused more severe oxidative stress and tissue damage than either pollutant alone. The study suggests that microplastics and agricultural chemicals may interact in waterways to amplify harmful effects on fish health.
Toxic effects of MPs and Up Grade® herbicide on the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Oxidative stress, immune responses, and histopathological investigations
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Scientists found that when tilapia fish were exposed to both microplastics and a common weed-killer chemical together, the damage to their gills, gut, and reproductive organs was worse than exposure to either pollutant alone—along with signs of inflammation and cellular stress. Since these two pollutants often show up together in rivers and lakes where fish are farmed or caught for food, this research suggests we may be underestimating the health risks these combined chemicals pose to the fish we eat and to aquatic ecosystems overall.
Biochemical effects of polypropylene microplastics on red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after individual and combined exposure with boron
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Researchers exposed red tilapia to polypropylene microplastics alone and combined with boron, finding that the mixture disrupted key brain and liver enzymes more severely than either pollutant alone. The study shows that microplastics can amplify the toxic effects of other environmental contaminants in fish.
Toxicity of polystyrene microplastics on juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) after individual and combined exposure with chlorpyrifos
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Researchers tested the effects of pristine and chlorpyrifos-loaded polystyrene microplastics on juvenile rainbow trout, examining tissue damage and physiological responses. They found that microplastics carrying the pesticide caused more severe histopathological changes in the gills and liver than either contaminant alone. The study provides evidence that microplastics can act as vectors for pesticides, amplifying their toxic effects on freshwater fish.
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