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Retain strength, gain ductility: tough and transparent nanopapers by mercerisation
Summary
Researchers improved the toughness and transparency of nanocellulose papers — a potential plastic alternative — through a simple alkali treatment called mercerisation. The treated papers maintained high strength while gaining greater flexibility, making nanocellulose a more viable candidate for replacing conventional plastic films in packaging.
Abstract Nanocellulose papers offer high tensile strength and modulus but suffer from drawbacks such as their brittle nature. Many attempts to alleviate these disadvantages were reported, with most of them being time and/or resource-intensive or requiring additional chemical or mechanical (pre)treatments, modification, or the use of additives. We show that mercerisation of cellulose nanopapers in strong alkaline media for 2 min to 24 h results in the (partial) transformation of native cellulose I into the more ductile cellulose II allomorph. The strain to failure of mercerised nanopapers tripled compared to the original nanopapers while retaining their tensile strength in excess of 100 MPa at the expense of a slight drop in modulus resulting in a significant increase in toughness (total work of fracture). An additional advantage of mercerisation is a reduction in porosity of the nanopapers and increased transparency.
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