Designing a Low-Cost Microcontroller-Based Rover for Microplastic Detection Using Deep-Learning Image Detection and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

This research article presents a potential solution to microplastic accumulation, with a specific focus on nurdles, which are small-rounded plastics used extensively in manufacturing processes. These nurdles have emerged as a major contributor to the buildup of smaller microplastics in our environment. To combat this problem, this study presents an innovative solution in the form of a low-cost rover designed to track and detect these particles in shoreline areas. The research methodology employed in this study encompasses several key components. First, a comprehensive dataset consisting of 150 images depicting polyethylene plastic pellets buried under sand, varying in lighting conditions and quantities, is used to train a compressed object detection model. This model, when executed on the Raspberry Pi 3, enables efficient and accurate identification of microplastic particles. To further enhance the detection capabilities, an AS7263 NIR sensor is used in conjunction with the Arduino BLE Sense 33. This integration allows for the measurement of near-infrared reflectance in polyethylene, thereby serving as an additional metric for microplastic detection. By analyzing the spectral characteristics of polyethylene, the system gains further insights into the presence and concentration of microplastics. This proposed innovation presents a promising solution for combating the adverse effects of microplastic pollution. The development of a low-cost rover, coupled with deep-learning image detection and near-infrared spectroscopy, offers a powerful and cost-effective approach to identifying and monitoring microplastic contamination in shoreline environments. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts to mitigate the environmental impact of microplastics and paves the way for future advancements in this field.