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Retraction Note: An in-depth study of dust samples reveals microplastic (MP) contamination in indoor commercial markets
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A Review on Microplastics in Indoor Environments: Techniques for Measurement and Environmental Implications
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This review found that microplastics are widespread in indoor environments including homes, offices, and other enclosed spaces, arriving through air, textiles, and consumer products. Since people spend the majority of their time indoors, indoor microplastic exposure through inhalation and ingestion may be a significant and underappreciated component of total human exposure.
Microplastics in Indoor Air and Dust: Characterization, Risk Factors, and Health Risks
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This review synthesizes global data on microplastic concentrations in indoor air and dust across different building types and income regions, finding that lower-middle-income countries — especially in Southeast Asia and South America — have the highest indoor airborne microplastic levels. The results underscore that humans face continuous inhalation, ingestion, and dermal exposure to microplastics in everyday indoor environments, with documented links to oxidative stress, inflammation, and multi-organ toxicity.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: An in-depth study of dust samples reveals microplastic (MP) contamination in indoor commercial markets
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Researchers analyzed dust samples from indoor commercial markets and found 105 microplastic particles across 17 different plastic categories, including polyethylene, PVC, and acrylonitrile butadiene. The microplastics came from sources like paints, cosmetics, plastic products, and textiles, and contained potentially toxic elements like aluminum, iron, and zinc. Note: this article has been retracted, but the finding that indoor market environments contain diverse microplastics from everyday products reflects a broader pattern seen in other indoor air quality studies.
Comparison of Microplastic Characteristics in the Indoor and Outdoor Air of Urban Areas of South Korea
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Researchers compared indoor and outdoor airborne microplastic levels across urban South Korea, finding indoor concentrations were about 1.5 times higher than outdoors and that building ventilation rates directly influenced particle accumulation, suggesting ventilation management as a key exposure-reduction strategy.
Characteristics and assessment of exposure to microplastics through inhalation in indoor air of hospitals
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Sampling indoor and outdoor air at hospitals across multiple departments revealed average MP concentrations of 29.75 MPs/m³ indoors—over 13 times the outdoor level—with laboratory departments showing the highest concentrations, translating to estimated daily inhalation of 157 MPs/day for indoor occupants. The elevated indoor hospital exposure suggests healthcare workers and vulnerable patients face disproportionate microplastic inhalation risks, warranting ventilation and material-use reforms in clinical settings.
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