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Upscaling sample size for microscopical detection of nanoplastics
Summary
Researchers developed a method to detect nanoplastic particles in a full liter of seawater — far more than the tiny droplet-sized samples typical techniques require. By combining chemical purification steps with a special membrane filter that amplifies Raman signals (SERS), they could identify individual nanoplastics down to nanometer scale. This advance matters because nanoplastics are the smallest and potentially most harmful plastic fragments, yet they have been almost impossible to detect in realistic environmental samples until now.
The extent of nanoplastic pollution has raised severe environmental and health concerns. While the means for microplastic detection are abundant, improved tools for nanoplastic detection are called-for. State- of-the-art microscopic techniques can detect nanoplastics down to tens of nanometers, however, only from very small sample sizes (typically ∼10 µl). In this work, we describe a method that enables sampling of 1 liter of seawater by the means of correlative Raman- and SEM-techniques. This is achieved by adapting common microplastic sample purification proto- cols (i.e. chemical digestion) to suit the nanoplastic study. In addition, we decorate a membrane filter with SERS-property to amplify the Raman signals. Together, the purification method combined with the use of the SERS-activated-membrane-filter enables identification and imaging of in- dividual nanoplastic particles from significantly larger sample sizes than before. These results aim to provide useful tools for researchers in the fight against plastic pollution.