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Investigating prenatal and perinatal factors on meconium microbiota: a systematic review and cohort study
Summary
Researchers reviewed 69 studies and conducted a cohort study to understand what shapes the gut microbiome of newborns at birth, finding that conditions during delivery — such as cesarean section versus vaginal birth — have a much stronger influence on early microbiota than factors during pregnancy. This suggests the initial seeding of a baby's gut microbiome happens mainly during the birth process itself.
It is unclear when the first-pass meconium microbiota develops, and what are the sources of the colonization. In this systematic review, we found 69 studies exploring prenatal factors, immediate perinatal factors, and microbial composition relative to subsequent health of infants, but there was no consensus on the factors affecting the meconium microbiota development. In this cohort study, immediate perinatal factors markedly affected the meconium microbiota development while prenatal factors had little effect on it. As the meconium microbiota composition was influenced by immediate perinatal factors, the present study supports the idea that the initial gut microbiota develops mainly during delivery.
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