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Biodegradation of polyethylene, biodegradable-polyethylene bags and corn residues using Tenebrio molitor larvae

South Florida Journal of Environmental and Animal Science 2023 Score: 30 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.
Mabel Vaca Mier, Karla Patricia Reyes-Lomelí, Getsemani Cervantes-Cabrera, Miguel Ángel Mata-Guadarrama, Raymundo López-Callejas, María Neftalí Rojas-Valencia

Summary

This Spanish-language study tested the ability of mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor) to biodegrade different types of polyethylene plastic, including conventional LDPE and biodegradable varieties. The larvae could degrade all plastic types tested, suggesting insect-based digestion as a viable plastic waste management strategy.

Polymers

Se estudió la capacidad de degradación de distintos tipos de plástico a partir de su ingestión por gusanos de la harina (larvas de Tenebrio molitor), así como su supervivencia. Se utilizaron bolsas construidas con plástico denominado polietileno de baja densidad (LDPE); plástico compostable, fabricado a partir de residuos de maíz (CPE); y plástico de polietileno con tecnología d2w (d2wPE). Las larvas de T. molitor fueron sometidas a un periodo de inanición de 7 días y luego alimentadas únicamente con los distintos tipos de plásticos durante 56 días. Se prepararon dos grupos de muestras con los diferentes plásticos. Por un lado, los plásticos se expusieron a un pretratamiento de fotodegradación UV de 260 a 285 nm y luego se utilizaron como única fuente de alimento para las larvas. Por otro lado, se realizó el mismo experimento sin el pretratamiento UV. El objetivo era comparar los posibles efectos de la radiación UV sobre los plásticos y su posterior degradación por las larvas. Las tasas máximas de degradación con pretratamiento UV fueron del 98%, 77% y 4% para las muestras de CPE, LDPE y d2wPE, respectivamente. Las tasas de degradación sin pretratamiento fueron del 79%, 54% y 3%, y se obtuvieron en el mismo orden. En ambos escenarios, la supervivencia de las larvas sólo se vio afectada significativamente en las muestras de d2wPE, alcanzando una tasa media de mortalidad del 98%. Para el resto de las muestras, la tasa media de mortalidad fue sólo del 12%.

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