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An archaeal lid-containing feruloyl esterase degrades polyethylene terephthalate

Communications Chemistry 2023 58 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count.
Pablo Pérez-García, Jennifer Chow, Elisa Costanzi, Marno Gurschke, Jonas Dittrich, Robert F. Dierkes, Rebecka Molitor, Violetta Applegate, Golo Feuerriegel, Prince Tete, Dominik Danso, Stephan Thies, Julia Schumacher, Christopher Pfleger, Karl‐Erich Jaeger, Holger Gohlke, Sander H. J. Smits, Ruth A. Schmitz, Wolfgang R. Streit

Summary

Researchers identified the first known archaeal enzyme capable of degrading polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a major plastic pollutant found worldwide. The enzyme, called PET46, comes from a deep-sea archaeon and showed degradation activity on PET comparable to previously known bacterial enzymes. The study expands the known diversity of plastic-degrading enzymes and suggests that organisms from extreme environments may harbor useful tools for addressing plastic pollution.

Polymers

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a commodity polymer known to globally contaminate marine and terrestrial environments. Today, around 80 bacterial and fungal PET-active enzymes (PETases) are known, originating from four bacterial and two fungal phyla. In contrast, no archaeal enzyme had been identified to degrade PET. Here we report on the structural and biochemical characterization of PET46 (RLI42440.1), an archaeal promiscuous feruloyl esterase exhibiting degradation activity on semi-crystalline PET powder comparable to IsPETase and LCC (wildtypes), and higher activity on bis-, and mono-(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET and MHET). The enzyme, found by a sequence-based metagenome search, is derived from a non-cultivated, deep-sea Candidatus Bathyarchaeota archaeon. Biochemical characterization demonstrated that PET46 is a promiscuous, heat-adapted hydrolase. Its crystal structure was solved at a resolution of 1.71 Å. It shares the core alpha/beta-hydrolase fold with bacterial PETases, but contains a unique lid common in feruloyl esterases, which is involved in substrate binding. Thus, our study widens the currently known diversity of PET-hydrolyzing enzymes, by demonstrating PET depolymerization by a plant cell wall-degrading esterase.

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