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Methods of digestion, isolation and identification of microplastics present in the fish gut content
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This study evaluated four digestion methods for isolating microplastics from fish gut contents, finding that a combination of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid was most effective while preserving particle structure. Microplastic particles were found in the digestive tracts of all analyzed fish from Croatian freshwater and marine ecosystems, highlighting the widespread contamination of aquatic food sources.
Plastika je postala sveprisutan materijal u vodenim ekosustavima. Masovna proizvodnja dovela je i do masovnog nastajanja plastičnog otpada koji raznim procesima u prirodi postaje mikroplastični (MP) otpad te nerijetko završi upravo u vodenim staništima. Zbog dokazanih toksičnih učinaka na živi svijet MP se smatra globalnom onečišćujućom tvari u slatkovodnim i morskim ekosustavima, osobito zbog mogućnosti transporta kroz trofičke razine sve do čovjeka. Ribe su u vodi konstantno izložene riziku unosa i akumulacije MP čestica u njihov organizam. Mogu poslužiti kao dobri bioindikatori, a dosadašnja istraživanja ukazuju na visoku stopu pronalaska čestica MP-a u probavnom sustavu riba. Razvijanje metoda za izolaciju i točno kvantificiranje MP-a u morskim i slatkovodnim staništima sve je važnije. Za praćenje prostorne distribucije i vremenskih trendova morskog MP otpada, izrazito je važno razviti i implementirati standardizirane protokole, kako bi se učinkovito i točno odredila količina MP-a u različitim staništima. U ovome radu ispitivao se utjecaj razgradnje primjenom četiri različite metode na izolaciju i određivanje MP čestica iz probavila riba iz slatkovodnih i morskih ekosustava Republike Hrvatske. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju da je kombinacija dušične kiseline, HNO3 i fluorovodične kiseline, HF najprikladnija metoda za izolaciju MP iz probavila riba, s minimalnim utjecajem na njezinu strukturu. U sadržaju probavila svih analiziranih jedinki riba identificirane su MP čestice, čime smo potvrdili njezinu prisutnost i unos u organizme vodenih ekosustava.
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A new method for microplastic extraction from fish guts assisted by chemical dissolution
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Researchers developed a new microplastic extraction protocol for fish gut samples that combines dissection, ultrasonication, and chemical dissolution to isolate plastic particles while preserving their integrity. This method improves extraction efficiency and enables more reliable characterization of microplastic contamination in fish.
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Researchers developed a novel combined KOH and nitric acid digestion protocol for extracting microplastics from the gastrointestinal tracts of marine fish, and validated it on common dolphinfish from the western Mediterranean Sea. The method improved detection of small MPs, with 65.5% of dolphinfish containing meso- and microplastic fragments and sheets predominantly composed of polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene.
A comparison of new and conventional methods for isolating microplastics ingested by fish
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Researchers proposed a new, simplified method for extracting microplastics ingested by fish using acid digestion followed by filtration, and compared it to conventional techniques. The new procedure was found to be faster and simpler while recovering multiple common polymer types effectively.
Are Nitric Acid (HNO3) Digestions Efficient in Isolating Microplastics from Juvenile Fish?
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Nitric acid (HNO3) digestion is an effective, low-cost method for isolating microplastics from whole juvenile fish, achieving complete tissue dissolution at room temperature or more rapidly at elevated temperatures. The method has a notable limitation in that nylon fibers are destroyed in the process, meaning nylon-type microplastics would be undercounted in studies using this approach.
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Researchers tested different preservation methods for fish intestine samples and compared how well each allowed subsequent digestion and microplastic particle recovery. They found that certain preservation media degraded some microplastic types during processing, potentially leading to underestimates of contamination. The study provides a validated protocol for preserving fish gut tissue for microplastic analysis that minimizes particle loss.
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