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Methods of digestion, isolation and identification of microplastics present in the fish gut content
Summary
This study evaluated four digestion methods for isolating microplastics from fish gut contents, finding that a combination of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid was most effective while preserving particle structure. Microplastic particles were found in the digestive tracts of all analyzed fish from Croatian freshwater and marine ecosystems, highlighting the widespread contamination of aquatic food sources.
Plastika je postala sveprisutan materijal u vodenim ekosustavima. Masovna proizvodnja dovela je i do masovnog nastajanja plastičnog otpada koji raznim procesima u prirodi postaje mikroplastični (MP) otpad te nerijetko završi upravo u vodenim staništima. Zbog dokazanih toksičnih učinaka na živi svijet MP se smatra globalnom onečišćujućom tvari u slatkovodnim i morskim ekosustavima, osobito zbog mogućnosti transporta kroz trofičke razine sve do čovjeka. Ribe su u vodi konstantno izložene riziku unosa i akumulacije MP čestica u njihov organizam. Mogu poslužiti kao dobri bioindikatori, a dosadašnja istraživanja ukazuju na visoku stopu pronalaska čestica MP-a u probavnom sustavu riba. Razvijanje metoda za izolaciju i točno kvantificiranje MP-a u morskim i slatkovodnim staništima sve je važnije. Za praćenje prostorne distribucije i vremenskih trendova morskog MP otpada, izrazito je važno razviti i implementirati standardizirane protokole, kako bi se učinkovito i točno odredila količina MP-a u različitim staništima. U ovome radu ispitivao se utjecaj razgradnje primjenom četiri različite metode na izolaciju i određivanje MP čestica iz probavila riba iz slatkovodnih i morskih ekosustava Republike Hrvatske. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju da je kombinacija dušične kiseline, HNO3 i fluorovodične kiseline, HF najprikladnija metoda za izolaciju MP iz probavila riba, s minimalnim utjecajem na njezinu strukturu. U sadržaju probavila svih analiziranih jedinki riba identificirane su MP čestice, čime smo potvrdili njezinu prisutnost i unos u organizme vodenih ekosustava.
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