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Transcriptomic mechanism for foliar applied nano-ZnO alleviating phytotoxicity of nanoplastics in corn (Zea mays L.) plants
Summary
Researchers found that applying zinc oxide nanoparticles to corn leaves helped protect the plants from the harmful effects of nanoplastic pollution. The nano-zinc treatment reduced nanoplastic accumulation in leaves and reversed much of the damage to plant growth and photosynthesis caused by the plastic particles. The study suggests that nano-fertilizers could serve as a tool for managing nanoplastic stress in agricultural crops.
Nanoplastics, as emerging pollutants, have drawn increasing concerns for their potential threats to agriculture and food security. ZnO nanoparticles (nano-ZnO), serving as ideal nano-fertilizer dispersion in sustainable agriculture, might be a promising application for nanoplastic stress management. To determine the role of nano-ZnO in regulating crop response towards nanoplastic pollutions, corn (Zea mays L.) seedlings after leaf treatment by nano-ZnO were foliar exposed to polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs). The presence of nano-ZnO significantly reduced the accumulation of PSNPs in corn leaf, stem and root tissues by 40.7 %-71.4 %. Physiologically, nano-ZnO prominently decreased the extent of PSNP-induced reduction in chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rates, thereby greatly weakening the toxic effects of PSNPs on corn plant growth. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses demonstrated that responsive differentially expressed genes involved in photosynthesis, glutathione metabolism and phytohormone signal transduction pathways explained the enhanced tolerance of corn plants to PSNPs under the addition of nano-ZnO. Among the key genes of photosynthesis, nano-ZnO ensured the regular expression of chlorophyll synthesis genes (CHLH, CHLD, CHLM, DVR, GTR and POR), photosystem II gene (PetH), and carbon fixation enzyme genes (pepc, rbcL and rbcS) inhibited by PSNP exposure. These findings enlarge our understanding of the mechanism by which nano-ZnO attenuates the negative effects of nanoplastics on crops, which is of great significance for improving the sustainable utilization of nano-fertilizers in agriculture.