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RETRACTED: Alleviation of microplastic toxicity in soybean by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: Regulating glyoxalase system and root nodule organic acid
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This retracted study investigated whether beneficial soil fungi could help soybean plants cope with microplastic contamination from polystyrene and polyethylene in soil. The original findings suggested that mycorrhizal fungi reduced microplastic toxicity by regulating the plant's stress response system and root chemistry. Note: this paper has been retracted and its conclusions should be treated with caution.
Microplastic accumulation in the soil-plant system can stress plants and affect products quality. Currently, studies on the effect of microplastics on plants are not consistent and underlying molecular mechanisms are yet unknown. Here for the first time, we performed a study to explore the molecular mechanism underlying the growth of soybean plants in soil contaminated with various types of microplastics (PS and HDPE) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (presence/absence). Our results revealed that a dose-dependent decline was observed in plant growth, chlorophyll content, and yield of soybean under MPs stress. The addition of MPs resulted in oxidative stress closely related to hydrogen peroxide generation (H2O2), methylglyoxal (MG) levels, lipid peroxidation (MDA), and lipoxygenase (LOX). In contrast, MPs addition enhanced mycorrhizal colonization and dependency relative to control while the rubisco and root activity declined. All the genes (GmHMA13 and GmHMA19) were downregulated in the presence of MPs except GmHMA18 in roots. AMF inoculation alleviated MPs-induced phytotoxic effects on colonization, rubisco activity, root activity and restored the growth of soybean. Under MPs exposure, AMF inoculation induced plant defense system via improved regulation of antioxidant enzymes, ascorbate, glutathione pool, and glyoxalase system. AMF upregulated the genes responsible for metals uptake in soybean under MPs stress. The antioxidant and glyoxalase systems coordinated regulation expressively inhibited the oxidative and carbonyl stress at both MPs types. Hence, AMF inoculation may be considered an effective approach for minimizing MPs toxicity and its adverse effects on growth of soybean grown on MPs-contaminated soils.
More Papers Like This
Retraction notice to “Alleviation of microplastic toxicity in soybean by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: Regulating glyoxalase system and root nodule organic acid” [J. Environ. Manag. 349 (2024) 119377]
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This is a retraction notice for an article on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and microplastic toxicity in soybean that was retracted due to false institutional affiliation claims and concerns about research integrity; no valid findings are presented.
Mitigation of microplastic toxicity in soybean by synthetic bacterial community and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi interaction: Altering carbohydrate metabolism, hormonal transduction, and genes associated with lipid and protein metabolism
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Researchers found that inoculating soybean plants with a combination of mycorrhizal fungi and beneficial bacteria helped protect them from microplastic-induced stress, improving biomass, seed quality, antioxidant defenses, and hormone balance. The study suggests that soil microbe communities could be harnessed as a sustainable strategy to help crops cope with growing microplastic contamination in agricultural soils.
Effects of Microplastics and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Soybean Growth and Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions in a sandy-loam
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Researchers investigated how microplastics and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi interact to affect soybean growth and greenhouse gas emissions in sandy-loam soil, examining whether fungal colonization can mitigate microplastic-induced stress on plant development.
RETRACTED: Mycorrhizosphere bacteria inhibit greenhouse gas emissions from microplastics contaminated soil by regulating soil enzyme activities and microbial community structure
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This study found that mycorrhizosphere bacteria can reduce greenhouse gas emissions from microplastic-contaminated soils by regulating soil enzyme activities and reshaping microbial community structure, suggesting a biological mitigation pathway.
The effects of biosolid microplastics on rhizosphere respiration of root exudates in Glycine max
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This study examined how microplastics from agricultural biosolids affect the activity of soil microbes around soybean roots. Researchers found that both polyethylene and polypropylene microplastics increased baseline microbial respiration rates, and high concentrations of polypropylene fragments significantly altered how soil microbes consumed amino acid-based root compounds. The findings suggest that microplastics in agricultural soil can change the way root-zone microbial communities process plant nutrients.
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