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Potential and risks of nanotechnology applications in COVID-19-related strategies for pandemic control
Summary
Researchers reviewed the benefits and risks of using nanoparticles in pandemic control strategies, including mRNA vaccine delivery, antiviral face masks coated with metal nanoparticles, and biosensors, noting that while nanoparticles offer powerful new tools, they also carry risks such as immune reactions, hormonal disruption, and environmental contamination from improper disposal. The review calls for careful assessment of these trade-offs as nanotechnology becomes more central to public health responses.
Abstract The ongoing battle against viral infections highlighted so recently by the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates the need to develop new approaches using nanotechnology in antiviral strategies. Nanoparticles have emerged as promising tools in the fight against viral outbreaks, offering various options for application such as biosensors, vaccine nanoparticles, disinfectants, and functionalized nanoparticles. In this comprehensive review, we evaluate the role of nanoparticles in pandemic control, exploring their potential applications, benefits, and associated risks. We first discuss the importance of nanotechnology in viral outbreak management, particularly in vaccine development. Although lipid nanoparticles play a crucial role in mRNA vaccines, there are concerns about their potential side effects. Although functionalization of protective face masks using metallic nanoparticles has emerged as a sustainable alternative to disposable masks, reducing waste production and enhancing virus filtration, improper disposal of such masks leads to environmental contamination and potential ecological harm. Second, we address the potential adverse effects associated with nanoparticle-based vaccines containing polyethylene glycol and other vaccine components, which trigger autoimmune diseases and alter menstrual cycles. To manage outbreaks effectively, we must minimize such potential risks and environmental impacts. Thus, when developing effective strategies for future pandemic control, it is crucial to understand the advantages and challenges associated with nanoparticle usage.