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Tier 2
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Original research — experimental, observational, or case-control study. Direct primary evidence.
Food & Water
Nanoplastics
Remediation
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Titanium-doped PET nanoplastics, from opaque milk bottle degradation, as a model of environmental true-to-life nanoplastics. Hazardous effects on Drosophila
Environmental Pollution2023
12 citations
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Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count.
Score: 50
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0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.
Mohamed Alaraby,
Doaa Abass,
Mohamed Alaraby,
Ricard Marcos,
Aliro Villacorta
Mohamed Alaraby,
Mohamed Alaraby,
Mohamed Alaraby,
Mohamed Alaraby,
Mohamed Alaraby,
Mohamed Alaraby,
Aliro Villacorta
Aliro Villacorta
Aliro Villacorta
Aliro Villacorta
Mohamed Alaraby,
Mohamed Alaraby,
Doaa Abass,
Doaa Abass,
Doaa Abass,
Doaa Abass,
Doaa Abass,
Doaa Abass,
Doaa Abass,
Doaa Abass,
Aliro Villacorta
Aliro Villacorta
Ricard Marcos,
Ricard Marcos,
Aliro Villacorta
Aliro Villacorta
Aliro Villacorta
Aliro Villacorta
Aliro Villacorta
Aliro Villacorta
Aliro Villacorta
Aliro Villacorta
Alba Hernández,
Alba Hernández,
Aliro Villacorta
Alba Hernández,
Aliro Villacorta
Aliro Villacorta
Mohamed Alaraby,
Alba Hernández,
Aliro Villacorta
Aliro Villacorta
Aliro Villacorta
Ricard Marcos,
Doaa Abass,
Doaa Abass,
Alba Hernández,
Alba Hernández,
Alba Hernández,
Alba Hernández,
Alba Hernández,
Aliro Villacorta
Mohamed Alaraby,
Alba Hernández,
Alba Hernández,
Alba Hernández,
Alba Hernández,
Alba Hernández,
Mohamed Alaraby,
Alba Hernández,
Alba Hernández,
Mohamed Alaraby,
Alba Hernández,
Mohamed Alaraby,
Mohamed Alaraby,
Mohamed Alaraby,
Mohamed Alaraby,
Alba Hernández,
Mohamed Alaraby,
Mohamed Alaraby,
Mohamed Alaraby,
Ricard Marcos,
Ricard Marcos,
Ricard Marcos,
Ricard Marcos,
Ricard Marcos,
Alba Hernández,
Alba Hernández,
Aliro Villacorta
Alba Hernández,
Alba Hernández,
Aliro Villacorta
Alba Hernández,
Alba Hernández,
Mohamed Alaraby,
Ricard Marcos,
Ricard Marcos,
Ricard Marcos,
Ricard Marcos,
Ricard Marcos,
Ricard Marcos,
Ricard Marcos,
Ricard Marcos,
Ricard Marcos,
Ricard Marcos,
Ricard Marcos,
Ricard Marcos,
Ricard Marcos,
Ricard Marcos,
Ricard Marcos,
Alba Hernández,
Ricard Marcos,
Alba Hernández,
Alba Hernández,
Alba Hernández,
Alba Hernández,
Alba Hernández,
Mohamed Alaraby,
Alba Hernández,
Ricard Marcos,
Alba Hernández,
Ricard Marcos,
Ricard Marcos,
Alba Hernández,
Alba Hernández,
Ricard Marcos,
Ricard Marcos,
Alba Hernández,
Ricard Marcos,
Ricard Marcos,
Ricard Marcos,
Ricard Marcos,
Aliro Villacorta
Ricard Marcos,
Ricard Marcos,
Alba Hernández,
Alba Hernández,
Alba Hernández,
Alba Hernández,
Alba Hernández,
Alba Hernández,
Ricard Marcos,
Alba Hernández,
Ricard Marcos,
Ricard Marcos,
Ricard Marcos,
Alba Hernández,
Alba Hernández,
Alba Hernández,
Ricard Marcos,
Ricard Marcos,
Ricard Marcos,
Alba Hernández,
Alba Hernández,
Alba Hernández,
Alba Hernández,
Ricard Marcos,
Alba Hernández,
Alba Hernández,
Alba Hernández,
Alba Hernández,
Ricard Marcos,
Ricard Marcos,
Alba Hernández,
Alba Hernández,
Aliro Villacorta
Summary
Researchers used titanium-doped PET nanoplastics ground from opaque milk bottles as a realistic environmental nanoplastic model and tested their effects on fruit flies. The study found that while these true-to-life nanoplastics did not reduce survival rates, they did cause measurable biological effects when ingested, demonstrating the importance of using realistic plastic materials rather than pristine laboratory particles in toxicity studies.
Micro and nanoplastics (MNPLs) are emergent environmental pollutants, resulting from the degradation of plastic waste, requiring urgent information on their potential risks to human health. To determine such risks, reliable true-to-life materials are essential. In this work, we have used titanium-doped PET NPLs [PET(Ti)NPLs], obtained by grinding opaque milk polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles, as a true-to-life MNPLs model. These opaque PET bottles, with an average size of 112 nm, contain about 3% Ti in the form of titanium dioxide rod nanoparticles. TEM investigation confirmed the mixed Ti/PET nature of the obtained true-to-life NPLs, and the rod shape of the embedded TiONPs. In the in vivo Drosophila model neither PET(Ti)NPLs nor TiONPs reduced the survival rates, although their internalization was confirmed in different compartments of the larval body by using confocal and transmission electron microscopies. The presence of Ti in the PET(Ti)NPLs permitted to quantify its presence both in larvae (2.1 ± 2.2 μg/g of Ti) and in the resulting adults (3.4 ± 3.2 μg/g of Ti) after treatment with 500 μg/g food of PET(Ti)NPL, suggesting its potential use to track their fate in more complex organisms such as mammals. PET(Ti)NPLs, as well as TiONPs, altered the expression of genes driving different response pathways, inducing significant oxidative stress levels (up to 10 folds), and genotoxicity. This last result on the genotoxic effects is remarkable in the frame of the hot topic discussion on the risk that titanium compounds, used as food additives, may pose to humans.