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Innovations in minimally invasive gynecologic surgery: Benefits and challenges
Summary
This review examines how environmental factors—including endocrine-disrupting chemicals that are commonly associated with plastic additives and microplastic particles—impair reproductive health in both males and females and reduce the success of assisted reproductive technologies. The findings highlight microplastics and their chemical cargo as a meaningful contributor to the global rise in infertility.
The risk of infertility is increasing globally as a result of genetic factors as well as environmental factors. This review focuses on the complex relationship between environmental factors and infertility, a global issue a ecting millions. It covers a wide range of environmental exposures, including air pollution and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which can interfere with various stages of reproductive physiology. In males, lifestyle choices, occupational hazards, and EDCs can negatively impact sperm quality and hormonal balance. Similarly, these chemicals can disrupt ovarian function and menstrual regularity in females. Furthermore, this review discusses how environmental exposures can a ect the success of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART), in uencing ovarian response and embryo quality. It highlights the role of epigenetic mechanisms, where changes induced by environmental exposures can be passed down to future generations. Despite existing regulations to lower environmental risks, challenges remain. It also emphasizes the importance of public awareness and education in addressing these risks. The mini-review concludes by demanding future research to identify new environmental threats, understand their molecular mechanisms, evaluate their long-term e ects, and develop new biomarkers and models for risk assessment. In addition, emphasizes the importance of environmental factors and interdisciplinary approaches to human fertility and ART outcomes.
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