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Quantification of nanoplastic uptake and distribution in the root, stem and leaves of the edible herb Lepidum sativum
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Scientists confirmed that 100-nanometer polystyrene nanoplastics can be absorbed by the roots of the edible herb garden cress and travel up through the stem into the leaves. At high concentrations, the nanoplastics significantly reduced germination, plant weight, and root growth, though environmentally realistic levels did not cause visible harm. This finding raises food safety concerns because nanoplastics in agricultural soil could end up in the edible parts of plants that people consume.
This study confirms the uptake, translocation and bioaccumulation of 100 nm polystyrene nanoplastics in the root, stem and leaves of the plant Lepidum sativum at exposure concentrations ranging from environmentally realistic 10 μg/L up to a high of 100 mg/L. Accumulation in plant tissues was characterised by aggregation in the intercellular spaces and heterogeneous distribution. Nanoplastic presence was confirmed in the root tips, root surface and stele, lateral roots, root hairs, stem vascular bundles, leaf veins and mesophyll, as well as leaf epidermis including stomatal sites. Quantification results show that majority of the particles were retained in the root and accumulation in stem and leaves was only 13 to 18 % of the median value in roots. There was a reduction of 38.89 ± 9.62 % in the germination rate, 55 % in plant fresh weight, as well as in root weight (> 80 %), root length (> 60 %), shoot weight (51 to 78 %) and number of lateral roots (> 28 %) at exposure concentrations at and above 50 mg/L. However, lower, environmentally probable exposure concentrations did not affect the plant health significantly. Our results highlight the urgent need for further exploration of this issue from the point of view of food safety and security. STATEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: Micro and nanoplastics have been reported in agricultural environments across the globe and reports regarding their hazardous effects over agricultural and plant health call for an urgent exploration of this issue. This work demonstrates the uptake, bioaccumulation and distribution of nanoplastics in an edible plant at an environmentally realistic concentration and raises serious concerns regarding the possible implications for food safety and security. It presents a novel approach which addresses the quantification of nanoplastic accumulation in plant tissues and helps identify the mechanism and trends behind this phenomenon which has been a challenge up until now.
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Quantification and Imaging of Polystyrene Micro- and Nanoplastics in Cress Stems (Lepidium sativum) via Raman Spectroscopy
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Scientists found that tiny plastic particles (from polystyrene, a common plastic) can be absorbed by cress plants through their roots and travel into their stems—and the smaller the plastic particle, the more easily it gets in. In fact, the tiniest particles (nanoplastics) made up over half of the plastic detected in plant tissue, compared to just a fifth for larger particles. This matters because if plastics from contaminated soil can work their way into food crops this easily, they could be entering our diets more than we realized, raising new questions about long-term exposure through everyday food.
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Researchers tracked fluorescently labeled nanoplastics as they traveled through pakchoi (a leafy green vegetable), entering through the roots, moving up through the plant's water-transport system, and accumulating in the leaves. The nanoplastics caused oxidative damage and disrupted plant hormones, demonstrating a clear pathway by which plastic pollution in soil could enter the human food supply through everyday vegetables.
Transport Dynamicsand Physiological Responses ofPolystyrene Nanoplastics in Pakchoi: Implications for Food Safetyand Environmental Health
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Researchers tracked the transport and physiological responses of polystyrene nanoplastics in pakchoi (bok choy) plants, finding that nanoplastics were absorbed through roots and translocated to shoots where they disrupted chlorophyll production and reduced plant growth.
Nanoplastics are taken up by lettuce and barley under realistic soil condition
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Scientists found that tiny plastic particles called nanoplastics can be absorbed by lettuce and barley plants when grown in soil, even at low pollution levels similar to what's found in the environment. The plastic particles accumulated in the parts of the plants that people eat, showing a new way these pollutants could enter our food supply. While the amounts were small, this research reveals that nanoplastics from pollution can travel from soil into our crops, which could eventually affect human health.
Determining the accumulation potential of nanoplastics in crops: An investigation of 14C-labelled polystyrene nanoplastic into radishes
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Researchers used a radioactive labeling technique to track nanoplastics as they moved through radish plants, demonstrating for the first time that these particles can accumulate in edible tissues. About 25% of the nanoplastics absorbed by the roots were found in the edible fleshy root, with another 10% reaching the shoots. The findings highlight a potential pathway for human exposure to nanoplastics through everyday vegetables.
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