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Potencial de los nanomateriales en la agricultura: retos y oportunidades
Summary
This review examines the potential of nanomaterials in agriculture, discussing how nanoscience and nanotechnology can improve practices from seed germination and crop cultivation through to harvest and storage, with a focus on sustainable applications. The authors highlight both opportunities and challenges of integrating nanomaterials into agricultural systems under the pressures of climate change and growing food demand.
El cambio climático y la evolución de la sociedad exigen una optimización de las prácticas agrícolas y/o nuevas tendencias para lograr una agricultura sostenible. La ciencia de los materiales se erige como una excelente alternativa para coayudar a la agricultura desde la germinación y cultivo hasta la cosecha, incluyendo la distribución-almacenamiento de bienes agrícolas. En el presente trabajo, se revisaron y discutieron estudios recientes novedosos y sustentables que utilizan nanomateriales, para destacar los desafíos y oportunidades de las nanociencias y nanotecnología en una nueva era de la agricultura, generando procesos de sustentabilidad. Los nanomateriales ofrecen una plataforma para el suministro controlado de fertilizantes, la mediación de contaminantes en el agua y el aire, así como para el control de algunos microrganismos fitopatógenos que colonizan cultivos en la agricultura actual. La síntesis de nanomateriales factibles, junto con su evaluación estandarizada a nivel mundial, es importante para obtener una nueva generación de técnicos y científicos en el desarrollo de técnicas emergentes y cambios en la agricultura. La correcta legislación puede obtenerse si se tienen protocolos internacionales para trabajar, es decir, protocolos de síntesis y caracterización de nanomateriales reproducibles a nivel mundial y desarrollados in-situ para obtener resultados reales.
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