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Antibiotic resistance profiles of Escherichia coli isolated from the floating islands and water of Çat Dam Lake, Adiyaman, Turkey
Summary
Antibiotic-resistant E. coli bacteria were isolated from water samples and floating islands in a Turkish dam lake, with resistance profiles linked to agricultural runoff and human waste inputs. This is relevant to microplastic research because plastic surfaces in water environments are known to harbor antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance genes.
Antibiotics, metabolites of the antibiotics, and resistant bacteria reach the aquatic environment through treated and untreated sewage, hospital waste, aquaculture discharges and agricultural irrigation. Therefore, aquatic environments have a significant role in spreading the antibiotic-resistance genes. The current study demonstrates the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in surface water and floating islands of Çat Dam Lake, Adiyaman, Turkey. A total of 79 E. coli colonies were isolated from Çat Dam Lake water samples and the floating islands, of which 36 were from the first period (August 2021), 28 were from the second period (November 2021), and 15 were from the third period (May 2022), which were also confirmed as E. coli by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The confirmed isolates were tested for susceptibility using the EUCAST protocol. The results showed that the prevalence of resistance to erythromycin (E), ceftaroline (CPT) and cefazolin (CZ) was significantly higher than other tested antibiotics. In total, 96.2% of the isolated bacteria from all three periods were resistant to E, 77.21% to CPT and 48.1% to CZ, 12.65% to tetracycline (TE), 8.86% to cefuroxime (CXM), 6.32% to chloramphenicol (C) and cefotaxime (CTX), 2.53% to cefepime (FEP) and 1.26% to imipenem (IPM) and gentamicin (CN). Thirteen (16.5%) isolates were found with a high multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index. The observed MAR index could be due to the contamination of water sources with antibiotics used in the surrounding areas. It throws a potential risk to the local population from antimicrobial-resistant infections that can lead to serious side effects such as organ failures.
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