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Brief overview of the micro-nanoplastic pollution problem in wastewater and surface waters of Kazakhstan
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This analytical review summarizes the state of micro- and nanoplastic pollution research in wastewater and surface waters of Kazakhstan, highlighting the ubiquity of these contaminants and the methodological challenges in detecting and quantifying them in Central Asian water systems.
This study presents an analytical review of the micro/nanoplastic pollution problem in the wastewater and surface waters of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The review of published scientific works shows that analyzing micro- and nanoplastics (MNP) in the task due to their ubiquitous presence in natural habitats. This raises concerns because of their direct toxicological impact and their potential to carry hazardous pollutants and pathogens, thereby posing risks to human health and ecosystem integrity. MNPs have been detected in drinking water treatment processes, as well as in wastewater and surface waters in various regions of Kazakhstan. According to the studied data, there is a seasonal dynamic in the concentration of microplastics in water and bottom sediments, as well as in the wastewater of Astana city. It has been established that the predominant types of MNPs in surface waters are fibers, films, and granules, while polyethylene is prevalent in wastewater. Overall, the analysis of the current state of Kazakhstan’s environment in terms of micro/nanoplastic pollution indicates that such pollution exists and warrants close attention from scientists and environmental monitoring services.
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This Russian review examines micro- and nanoplastic pollution in aquatic environments in Russia and discusses the challenges of detecting these particles accurately. The authors highlight gaps in monitoring coverage and call for standardized detection methods to better understand the extent of plastic contamination in Russian freshwater and marine systems.
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This review of global research found that wastewater treatment plants remove most microplastics (tiny plastic particles) from sewage, with advanced treatment systems removing about 95% compared to 85% for basic treatment. However, the plastic particles that remain in treated water still end up in rivers and lakes where people get drinking water, and the captured plastics accumulate in sewage sludge that's often used as fertilizer on farms. The study shows that Central Asian countries like Kazakhstan need better wastewater treatment technology to reduce microplastic pollution in their water supplies.
Microplastics in Wastewater Systems of Kazakhstan and Central Asia: A Critical Review of Analytical Methods, Uncertainties, and Research Gaps
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A systematic review of 63 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) worldwide — including the first integrated assessment of Central Asian facilities — found that secondary treatment removes a median 85.5% of microplastics from wastewater, while tertiary treatment reaches 95%, but concentrates vast quantities of microplastics in sewage sludge. Central Asian plants with only secondary treatment release effluent in the upper range of global concentrations, underscoring the need for upgraded treatment and better monitoring in water-scarce regions where treated water is often reused in agriculture.
Water Pollution by Microplastics and Nanoplastics
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When a large batch of papers lands in the Atlas, we read through it and send a short write-up of what stood out.